关于汉代“反宇”记载和建筑明器不相验证的现象研究

A Study on the Phenomenon That the Records of“Anti-Yu”in the Han Dynasty are not Verified with the Architectural Artifacts

由于没有实例遗存,后世对汉代木构建筑的风貌了解大致有两类媒介可以借助,其一为汉赋,其二为出土实物(建筑明器、画像石及画像砖等)。然而,汉赋中的“反宇”记载与出土建筑明器中绝大部分为直线屋顶的现象并不相互验证。针对此现象,作者以河南地区为研究范围,先将《河南出土汉代建筑明器》一书中提到的175件建筑明器作为一个整体,进行分类统计,总结其特征;再与《后汉书礼仪志》中记载的帝王丧葬所使用的明器系统进行比较分析,同时借助对汉代帝王陵墓材料选用及墓室形制的研究。研究初步认为此现象出现的原因,可能是由汉赋和建筑明器刻画对象的不同所导致的。汉赋中“反宇”记载反映的应是级别较高建筑的特征,如宫殿建筑;而不见于帝王丧葬明器系统中的建筑明器类型,可能是民间自发使用,其直线屋顶形态为汉代时期当地民居建筑的特征。

Since there are no examples remaining,later generations can roughly use two types of media to understand the style of Han Dynasty wooden architecture,one is“Hanfu”,and the other is the excavated objects(architectural Artifacts,portrait stones and portrait bricks,etc.).However,the“antiyu”record in“Hanfu”does not mutually verify the phenomenon that the vast majority of the unearthed architectural Artifacts are rectilinear roofs.In view of this phenomenon,the author took Henan province as the research scope.Firstly,the 175 architectural artifacts mentioned in the book“Han Dynasty Architectural Artifacts Unearthed in Henan province”are classified and counted as a whole and their characteristics were summarized.Then compare and analyze them with the artifacts used in the emperor's funeral recorded in<Hou-han-shu Li-yi-zhi>,and at the same time with the research on the selection of materials and the shape of the tomb of the emperor in Han Dynasty.Finally,it is concluded that the cause of this phenomenon is probably caused by the difference in the depiction objects of“Hanfu”and architectural artifacts.The“anti-yu”record in“Hanfu”should reflect the characteristics of higher-level buildings,such as palace buildings;the type of architectural artifacts can’t found in the imperial funerary are most likely to be spontaneously used by the people,and the rectilinear roof form reflected by them should be mostly the characteristics of folk residential architecture in Han dynasty.