基于水源涵养服务视角的汀江(韩江)流域森林横向生态补偿标准

Horizontal Compensation Standards for Forest Ecological Benefits in Tingjiang(Hanjiang)River Basin Based on the Perspective of Water Retention Service

【目的】森林生态效益补偿是应对环境恶化、平衡区域发展的重要举措,厘清生态补偿标准是实施森林横向生态补偿的基础。结合森林生态系统服务流转理论,基于森林生态受益方向,从水源涵养生态服务视角开展森林横向生态补偿标准研究,为完善跨省流域森林生态补偿机制提供科学依据。【方法】以汀江(韩江)流域为例,综合运用当量因子法、水足迹法和引力模型,研究案例流域森林水源涵养服务溢出价值及其空间转移,确定受益主体与受偿主体相匹配的森林水源涵养效益补偿标准。【结果】1)汀江(韩江)流域上游地区龙岩市、漳州市和三明市的森林水源涵养服务外溢价值分别为80 448.89万元、5 857.33万元和13 038.28万元,广东省拟应向福建省合计支付水源涵养生态补偿资金99 344.50万元;2)三明市、漳州市和龙岩市提供的森林水源涵养服务价值辐射面积最广的地区均是梅州市,梅州市应承担主要的生态补偿资金;3)龙岩市可获得的水源涵养横向生态补偿资金最多,占补偿资金总额的80.98%,梅州市拟应支付的森林水源涵养生态补偿金额最多,占生态补偿总额的88.89%。【结论】流域上游存在森林水源涵养服务价值外溢,对下游具有不同的辐射范围和辐射量。本研究核算的案例流域下游受益地区应支付的水源涵养横向生态补偿资金均未超过当地GDP的1%,在补偿实践中具有良好的可操作性,可以为流域的森林横向生态补偿标准制定提供科学参考。

【Objective】Forest ecological compensation is an important measure to deal with environmental degradation and balancing regional development.Combined with the theory of forest ecosystem service flow and based on the direction of forest ecological benefit,horizontal compensation standards for forest ecological benefit from water retention service were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the cross-provincial watershed forest ecological compensation mechanism.【Method】Taking the Tingjiang(Hanjiang)river basin as an example,the equivalent factor method,water footprint method and gravitational model were used to study the overflow value of forest water retention services and their spatial transfer in the watershed under study to determine the compensation standards balancing the benefits between the receivers and the suppliers of compensation,【Result】1)The spillover value of forest water retention service in Longyan City,Zhangzhou City and Sanming City in the upstream area of the Tingjiang(Hanjiang)river basin was approximately RMB 804.49 million,RMB 58.57 million and RMB 130.38 million respectively.Guangdong Province should pay a total of about RMB 993.45 million in ecological compensation funds for water conservation to Fujian Province.2)The region with the widest radiation area provided by Sanming City,Zhangzhou City,and Longyan City was Meizhou City,and Meizhou City undertook the main ecological compensation funds.3)Longyan City received the most water-containing horizontal ecological compensation funds,accounting for 80.98%of the total compensation funds.The largest forest ecological compensation amount for forest water retention paid by Meizhou City,accounting for 88.89%of the total ecological compensation funds.【Conclusion】The upstream areas of the watershed all have the spillover value of forest water retention services,with different radiation range and radiation amount to the downstream areas.The horizontal ecological compensation funds paid by the downstream beneficiary areas of the studied watersheds do not exceed 1%of the local GDP,which has good feasibility in compensation practice and it provides a scientific basis for the formulation of horizontal compensation standards for forest ecological benefits in watersheds.