监利市外来入侵植物种类、分布和危害特征研究

Species,distribution and damage characteristics of alien invasive plants in Jianli City

基于文献、问卷及实地调查等方法,统计分析监利市外来入侵植物的种类、生活型、原产地和分布特征,并划分了危害等级.结果显示:1)监利市外来入侵植物有18科36属45种,以菊科(Asteraceae)、苋科(Amaranthaceae)和豆科(Leguminosae)为主,共计24种,占比53.3%,其中,菊科植物最多,占比26.7%;2)从生活型来看,以草本植物为主,占比97.8%;3)从原产地来看,原产于美洲的种数最多,占比59.6%,欧洲和亚洲次之,均占比14.9%;4)从入侵等级与危害程度来看,有恶性入侵类植物1种,严重入侵类8种,局部入侵类7种、一般入侵类24种和有待观察类5种;5)从分布特征来看,1、2级入侵植物主要分布在新沟镇、毛市镇和棋盘乡等乡镇;3级入侵植物主要分布在周老嘴镇、分盐镇和汴河镇等乡镇;4、5级入侵植物在监利市分布较少,呈零星分布.同时本研究提出监利市外来入侵植物防控建议,包括关注已入侵植物及其原产地、加快建立健全的风险评估系统、加强科普宣传等,为我国区域外来入侵植物的防控提供科学依据.

The study of regional invasive plants is of great significance for the safety assessment and management decision making of local invasive plants.The species composition,life forms,place of origin and geographical distribution pattern of alien invasive plants in Jianli City were statistically analyzed based on literature statistics,questionnaire and field investigation.The results showed that as followings:1)there were 45 species of alien invasive plants belonging to 36 genera and 18 families in Jianli City.Asteraceae,Amaranthaceae and Leguminosae were the main invasive plants in Jianli City,accounting for 53.3%,with 24 species in total,and 26.7% of them were Compositae.2)In terms of life forms,herbaceous plants were the dominant species,accounting for 97.8%.3)From the point of origin,the most species were native to America,accounting for 60%,followed by Europe and Asia,accounting for 15%.4)In terms of damage degree,there was one species of malignant invasive plants,8 species of severe invasive plants,7 species of local invasive plants,24 species of general invasive plants and 5 species of observed invasive plants.5)From the perspective of distribution characteristics,grade 1 and 2 invasive plants were mainly distributed in Xingou Town,Mao Town and Qipan Township.Grade 3 invasive plants were mainly distributed in Zhoulaozui Town,Fenyan Town and Bianhe Town.The distribution of grade 4 and 5 invasive plants was sporadic in Jianli City.At the same time,this study put forward some suggestions for the prevention and control of invasive plants in Jianli,including paying attention to the invasive plants and their origin,accelerating the establishment of a sound risk assessment system,and strengthening the popularization of science,etc.,so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of invasive plants in China.