美国一流大学在线教学支持体系的源起、框架与启示——基于五所一流大学的分析

Origin, Framework and Enlightenment of Online Teaching Support System in First-class Universities in the United States

在线教学在适应互联网信息技术的快速发展、破解疫情影响下的教学困境中发挥了至关重要的作用。基于新冠肺炎疫情扩散造成的正常教学困境,信息技术更新迭代的时代潮流、教学质量问题凸显等情境,美国一流大学着力于推广在线教学模式。以在线教学支持体系完备的美国五所一流大学为例,总结提炼出美国高校在线教学体系的框架结构:秉持“以生为本”与技术革新的价值理念,创设松散耦合的组织架构并适时加以调整,广泛采用互联网信息技术应用并建立教学共同体,设立专项基金与咨询委员会保障机制。最后从教学理念变革与破除教师评价障碍、削弱科层化壁垒与专业化创新组织构建、完善资助奖励机制与教学信息技术推广应用等方面,提出完善我国高校在线教学支持体系的建议。

Online teaching has played a vital role in adapting to the rapid development of Internet information technology and solving the teaching dilemma under the influence of the epidemic. Based on the background of the normal teaching dilemma caused by the spread of the COVID-19, the trend of information technology update and iteration, and the prominent teaching quality problems, the first-class universities in the United States are committed to promoting online teaching models.Taking five first-class universities with a complete online teaching support system in the United States as an example, the online teaching system in the United States are summarized and extracted: uphold the value concept of “student-oriented” and technological innovation, create a loosely coupled organizational structure and implement it in a timely manner ajustment, widely use Internet information technology applications and establish a teaching community, and establish a special fund and advisory committee to guarantee mechanism. Finally, from the perspectives of reforming teaching concepts and removing barriers of teacher evaluation, weakening the barriers of bureaucracy and the construction of professional innovation organizations, improving the funding and reward mechanism and promoting the application of teaching information technology, suggestions for improving the online teaching support system in my country’s universities are put forward.