共同富裕背景下收入分配调节机制研究:基于国际比较视角

Research on the Adjustment Mechanism of Income Distribution under the Background of Common Prosperity:Based on the International Comparative Perspective

当前,中国正处于跨越“中等收入陷阱”的关键时期,居民收入结构处于从“金字塔型”到“橄榄型”的过渡期,若无法顺利完成转变,持续较大的收入差距会阻碍经济增长,使得我国可能陷入部分拉美国家所经历的“收入差距困境”。文章基于国际比较视角,选取了12个国家并分为3组,对比中国与这些国家在同时期以及相同发展阶段的收入差距,结果表明中国的基尼系数和收入极值比处于较高的水平,城乡之间和地区之间的收入差距也较大。将国际上主要国家调节收入分配的经验与我国当前国情相结合,发现均衡教育资源配置、完善生产要素市场以及完善税收制度和社保体系等收入分配调节机制可以消除转型过程中的主要障碍,为长期推进共同富裕提供制度保障。

At present,China is in the key phase to cross the“middle-income trap”period.The residents’income structure is going from“pyramid”shape to“olive”shape.If the transformation cannot complete,the continuous larger income gap will hinder economic growth.China may be trapped in“the Income Gap Dilemma”experienced in some Latin American countries.Based on the perspective of international comparison,this paper selects 12 countries and divides them into three groups to compare the income gap between China and these countries in the same period and at the same development stage.The results show that China’s Gini coefficient and extreme income ratio are at a very high level,and the income gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is also large.Combining the experience of the other countries regulating income distribution with the current situation of our country,we found that an adjusting mechanism of income distribution,which includes balanced allocation of education resources,improvement of factor market of production,improvement of the tax system and social security system,can eliminate the main obstacles in the transition process and provide system guarantee to promote common prosperity in the long term.