欧盟推进开放科学实践和EOSC建设路径研究

Research on European Union Promoting Open Science Practice and EOSC’s Constructional Path

开放共享科学资源是激发科技创新活力和营造科学合作环境的途径之一。本文以欧盟开放科学实践发展历程为切入点,通过对官方政策文件和资助项目实施情况进行文本分析,总结亮点,按照时间顺序整理重点事件,将过程划分为规划探索、实施过渡、体系建设三个阶段。研究发现,为落实开放科学政策的各项举措,欧盟结合大数据、云计算等前沿技术手段推进欧洲开放科学云(EOSC)建设,从愿景到试验运营,EOSC已逐步成为立体多维的开放科学实践的有效工具。最后,针对我国实施开放科学实践和建设相关基础设施提出建议与展望:(1)跨越地域建设互联互通云平台,将我国横向和纵向的科学资源集中管理,提升管理效率;(2)扩大范围实施“强制性”开放战略,鉴于科学资源种类繁多,为有效促进融合互补,各类资源均须统一管理;(3)增设共享激励机制促进观念转变,充分汇集数据资源和基础设施,促使科研人员、科研机构等主动“打破”空气墙,形成良性竞争氛围,促进资源自由流通。

The public sharing of scientific and technological resources is one of the approaches for inspiring the dynamic of scientific and technological innovation and creating a scientific and cooperative environment.Based on the development course of EU Open Science Practice,official policies,and documents and the implementation of sponsored projects,the paper analyses and concludes the highlights,collate key events in chronological order and divides the process into three stages,including planning and exploration,interim implementation and system construction.To implement all the steps of open science policies,the EU facilitated the development of EOSC(European Open Science Cloud)according to front technological means such as Big Data and Cloud Computing,which has become an effective tool for conducting stereoscopic and multi-dimensional,open science practice from day to day from the view of its vision and experimental operation.In the end,the paper focuses on the implementation of open science practice and the construction of relevant facilities and comes up with several proposes and prospects as follows:(1)Establish cross-regional connectivity Cloud platform to achieve central management of the horizontal and vertical scientific resources and elevate managing effectiveness;(2)Expand the scope of implementing compulsory opening strategies.Diversified scientific resources are required for unified management to facilitate the integration and complementation of each other effectively.(3)Set up additional sharing incentive mechanisms to improve the transformation of concepts.To form a benign competition environment and enhance the free circulation of resources,scientific researchers and institutions must break through the“Invisible Wall”and fully collect data and infrastructures.