输电线路走廊山火监测遥感技术应用现状

Application Status of Remote Sensing Techniques for Wildfire Monitoring Near Transmission Line Corridor

本文在论述输电线路走廊山火监测必要性的基础上,阐明了卫星遥感、低空遥感、地面遥感监测山火的相关方法和应用现状,详细分析了不同传感器的火点识别方法、火点与输电设备距离测算方法、搭载平台特点等,并对三种监测技术的优缺点进行对比。本文还展望了遥感技术在输电线路走廊山火监测的研究趋势和应用方向:(1)针对采用单一遥感技术易发生迟测、误测、漏测等问题,建议融合多种监测技术来提高山火定位的准确度和实时性,未来可进一步加强多源数据自动协同处理方面的研究;(2)无人机平台在大跨度、大范围输电线路山火监测中,续航能力有限,可进一步加大有关无人机自主飞行、航迹规划及多无人机协同飞行等方面的研究力度,克服现有技术的限制;(3)在野外山区等移动通信信号覆盖能力差的区域,为保证无人机数据快速传输,可探索结合卫星通讯、5 G技术等,以期提高山火监测效率;(4)通过深度学习方法提取火点,实现机上数据实时处理,用以解决数据延迟问题,大大缩短应急救火响应时间。

It is crucial to monitor wildfires near the power transmission line corridor.The methodology and application status of satellite remote sensing,low-altitude remote sensing,and ground-based remote sensing are clarified in this paper.First,the methods to identify the wildfire areas and to calculate the distance between the fire point and transmission line and the characteristics of each platform for different sensors are analyzed in detail.Second,the advantages and disadvantages of the three monitoring techniques are compared and analyzed.Finally,the research trends of remote sensing techniques to monitor wildfires near transmission lines have been prospected.One technique alone is prone to late detection,misdetection,and omission.So,integrating multiple monitoring methods would be an effective way to improve the accuracy and reduce the latency,although the automatic cooperative processing of multi-source data needs further research.The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)platform has limited endurance capacity in the wildfire monitoring of large-span and scale transmission lines.It is essential to strengthening the research on the aspects of autonomous flight and route planning of UAVs,and so is the synergetic operation of multiple UAVs.Combining satellite communication and the 5G technique is necessary to improve their efficiency in areas with poor communication signals,such as high mountainous scenes,to ensure the rapid transmission of UAV scanned data.In addition,deep learning has become a new research direction in identifying wildfire areas and processing data in real time,which can solve the problem of data delay and considerably shorten the response time of firefighting.