大同方言语气词“哇”的探析

A Study of Modal Particles in Datong Dialect

大同方言语气词“哇”的语音形式为[ʋa^(30)],句法位置不限于句子末尾,还可置于句中停顿处。从句子功能和表达语气看,它可用在疑问句、祈使句、陈述句和感叹句末尾,表示疑问语气、祈使语气、提醒语气等;它用在句子停顿处时,表示延宕语气。与普通话语气词“哇”不同的是,它可以与“么、哩、呀、呢”等其他语气词连用,组成“哇么、哩哇、呀哇、呢哇”等,表达新的语法意义。同时,大同方言语气词“哇”可出现在元音“u”后,还可出现在“i、n”等元音或辅音后,语音环境独特。探析大同方言语气词“哇”,可以帮助我们初步认识大同方言语气词的面貌。

The phonetic form of modal word“哇”in Datong dialect is[ʋa30].In terms of sentence function and mood,it can be used at the end of interrogative,imperative,declarative and exclamatory sentences to express interrogative,imperative and reminding moods,etc.It is used at a sentence pause to indicate a delay in mood.Different from the modal word“哇”in Mandarin,it can be used with other modal words such as“么,哩,呀,呢”to form new modal words such as“哇么,哩哇,呀哇,呢哇”to express new grammatical meanings.At the same time,the modal word“哇”in Datong dialect can not only appear after the vowel“u”,but also after the vowel“i”and consonant“n”,which has a unique phonetic environment.Analyzing the modal word“哇”in Datong dialect can help us to have a preliminary understanding of the face of modal words in Datong dialect.