老年肺动脉高压患者的营养状况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation of nutritional status of elderly patients with pulmonary hypertension and its influencing factors

目的 调查老年肺动脉高压(PH)患者的营养状况并分析其影响因素。方法 采用便利抽样法,于2020年1月—2022年8月采用一般资料调查表、营养风险筛查2002量表(NRS-2002)、半定量食物频率问卷(SQFFQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS),对上海市肺科医院肺循环科住院的190例老年PH患者进行调查。结果 回收有效问卷179份,有效回收率为94.2%。179例老年PH患者的膳食结构基本不合理,营养素摄入量基本不达标,有106(59.2%)例患者存在营养风险,73(40.8%)例无营养风险。回归分析显示,年龄、 PH类型、平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、肺血管阻力(PVR)及心输出量(CO)是老年PH患者营养风险的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年PH患者的营养风险发生率较高,且存在多种营养素摄入不足、膳食结构不合理等问题。医务人员应重视老年PH患者的疾病类型、 mPAP、 PVR及CO等指标,积极开展营养风险管理,改善患者营养。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of elderly patients with pulmonary hypertension(PH)and analyze its influencing factors.Methods 190 elderly PH patients hospitalized in Department of Pulmonary Circulation,Pulmo⁃nary Hospital of Shanghai City from January 2020 to August 2022 were selected by convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire,Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Scale(NRS⁃2002),semi⁃Quantitative Food Frequency Question⁃naire(SQFFQ),and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS)were used to investigate the patients.Results 179 valid question⁃naires were collected,with an effective response rate of 94.2%.The dietary structure of 179 elderly PH patients was basically unreasonable,and the nutrient intake was basically not up to standard.106(59.2%)patients had nutritional risks,and 73(40.8%)ones had no nutritional risks.Regression analysis showed that age,PH type,mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR)and cardiac output(CO)were independent influencing factors of nutritional risk in elderly PH patients(P<0.05).Conclusion Elderly PH patients have a higher incidence of nutritional risk,and they have insufficient intake of multiple nutrients,unreasonable dietary structure and other problems.Medical staff should pay atten⁃tion to the disease types,mPAP,PVR,CO and other indicators of elderly PH patients,and carry out nutritional risk manage⁃ment actively to improve the nutrition status of patients.