碳量子点的合成、表面改性及应用研究进展

Research progress on preparation, surface modification and application of carbon quantum dots

碳量子点(CDs)因其独特的物理或化学特性而被广泛应用于各领域。与传统半导体量子点相比,CDs的最大优点是低细胞毒性,高生物相容性,同时对环境友好。通过选择特定的合成或改性方法来获得满足应用条件的碳点,是研究人员的迫切需求。综述了CDs的自上而下和自下而上的各种合成方法并描述了其合成后的各种特性,其中自上而下法偏向于生产较大量的碳点,但尺寸和碳点形态难以控制。自下而上法能更好地控制碳点的尺寸及形状,但过程较为复杂耗时。再进一步探讨了CDs的表面改性包括表面钝化,表面功能化的研究进展。不同合成方法或改性方法制备的碳点特性具有较大差别,延伸出其在各方面的应用,包括细胞成像,荧光传感,药物递送,光催化,离子检测等。最后总结分析了碳点研究可进一步探索的方面,以期为碳点更深入的研究与更广泛的应用提供参考。

Carbon quantum dots(CDs)are widely used in various fields due to their unique physical or chemical properties.Compared with traditional semiconductor quantum dots,the biggest advantages of CDs are low cytotoxicity,high biocompatibility,and at the same time being environmentally friendly.Obtaining carbon dots that meet the application conditions by selecting a specific synthesis or modification method is an urgent need for researchers.This paper reviews various top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods of CDs and describes their various properties after synthesis,in which the top-down method is biased towards producing a larger amount of Cdots,but the size and Cdots form is difficult to control.The bottom-up method can better control the size and shape of carbon dots,but the process is more complicated and time-consuming.The research progress of surface modification of CDs,including surface passivation and surface functionalization,was further discussed.Moreover,the characteristics of Cdots prepared by different synthesis methods or modification methods are quite different,extending their applications in various aspects,including cell imaging,fluorescence sensing,drug delivery,photocatalysis,ion detection,etc.Finally,we summarize and analyze the aspects of carbon dots that can be further explored,in order to provide references for more in-depth research and wider application of carbon dots.