重庆地区1331例哮喘患儿过敏原皮肤点刺试验结果分析

Analysis of allergen skin prick test results in 1331 children with asthma in Chongqing

目的分析重庆地区哮喘患儿常见过敏原特点的皮肤点刺试验结果,以提供人群中的过敏原分布情况,为儿童哮喘防治临床诊疗、环境控制提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2021年1-12月在重庆医科大学附属儿童医院进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验的1331例支气管哮喘患儿的临床资料,分析重庆地区常见过敏原的类别。采用北京新华联协和药业有限责任公司点刺液对1331例确诊为哮喘患儿进行过敏原皮肤点刺试验,包括23种变应原的检测,设阳性(磷酸组胺甘油生理盐水溶液)及阴性(甘油生理盐水)对照,记录阳性反应的变应原和反应强度。结果1331例患儿中完成吸入性过敏原检测1311例,其中阳性833例,阴性478例,阳性率为63.5%;完成食入性过敏原检测807例,其中阳性254例,阴性553例,阳性率为31.5%。吸入性过敏原中阳性率排名前3位者分别为户尘螨[54.8%(718/1311)]、粉尘螨[53.0%(695/1311)]和蟑螂[9.8%(129/1311)]。食入性过敏原中阳性率排名前3位者分别为鸡蛋[10.0%(81/807)]、海蟹[9.9%(80/807)]和海虾[8.1%(65/807)]。结论重庆地区哮喘患儿最常见的过敏原为尘螨类,可为患儿居家护理、辅助医生临床诊断过敏性疾病或进一步给予特异性免疫治疗提供参考依据。

Objective To analyze the results of the skin prick test of common allergens in 1311 children with asthma in Chongqing,so as to provide the distribution of allergens in the population and provide reference for clinical diagnosis,treatment and environmental control of childhood asthma.Methods The clinical data of 1331 children with bronchial asthma who underwent skin prick test of allergys in Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively,and the categories of common allergens in Chongqing were analyzed.A total of 1331 children diagnosed as asthma were tested with the skin prick test of Beijing Macro-Union Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,including the detection of 23 kinds of allergens.The positive(histamine phosphate glycerin normal saline solution)and negative(glycerin normal saline solution)controls were used to record the allergens and reaction intensity of the positive reaction.Results Among the 1331 children,1311 were tested for inhaled allergens,of which 833 were positive and 478 were negative,with a positive rate of 63.5%;807 cases were tested for ingestion allergens,of which 254 were positive and 553 were negative,with a positive rate of 31.5%.Among the inhaled allergens,the top three positive rates were house dust mites[54.8%(718/1311)],dust mites[53.0%(695/1311)]and cockroaches[9.8%(129/1311)].Among the food allergens,the top three positive rates were eggs[10.0%(81/807)],sea crabs[9.9%(80/807)]and sea shrimps[8.1%(65/807)].Conclusion The most common allergens of children with asthma in Chongqing are dust mites,which can provide reference for home care of children,and assist doctors in clinical diagnosis of allergic diseases or further specific immunotherapy.