考虑驾驶员年龄的公路隧道照明小目标可见度

Small Target Visibility Based on Drivers Age Characteristics in Road Tunnel Lighting

人口老龄化环境下中老年驾驶人群数量逐步增加,对现有公路隧道光环境要求更高。借助阈限亮度对比实验探讨了驾驶员年龄对公路隧道照明条件下小目标可见度的影响作用。基于定值刺激法通过计算机模拟,得到了青年组和中老年组实验样本在正负亮度对比、小目标物呈现时间2 s条件下的阈限亮度对比实验数据。经过统计分析并依据观察者年龄修正系数、小目标物正负亮度对比修正系数和小目标物呈现时间修正系数得到不同年龄组实验样本的阈限亮度差。最后,建立不同年龄组实验样本的阈限亮度差与小目标可见度水平之间的数学模型。结果表明:相同隧道光环境条件下青年组实验样本的小目标可见度高于中老年组。可见中老年组对隧道内光环境的视觉要求比青年组的更高,因此为了满足行车安全等目的,隧道照明设计必须考虑驾驶员的年龄因素。

The number of middle-aged and elderly drivers is increased in an aging society.Thus,tunnel lighting environment is required to be higher for safe driving.In order to discuss the influence of drivers age on small target visibility in highway tunnel lighting,luminance contrast threshold experiment was conducted.Based on the fixed value stimulation method,luminance contrast threshold was carried out by computer simulation.The experimental results were divided into the luminance contrast threshold of youth group and middle-aged and elderly groups.The luminance contrast threshold at different probability of perception was obtained under small target presentation time 2 s and positive and negative luminance contrast.The minimum luminance threshold was easily obtained through statistical analysis.Then,the minimum luminance threshold was corrected by three correction coefficients,including age correction coefficient,the correction coefficient of positive and negative luminance contrast and the correction coefficient of small target exposure time.Therefore,the functional relationship between the minimum luminance threshold and the small target visibility was established under different age groups.The results show that the small target visibility in the young group is higher than that in the middle-aged and elderly groups under the same tunnel lighting environment.It is concluded that the tunnel lighting environment should be better designed to meet the visual requirements of the middle-aged and elderly groups.In another word,drivers age must be considered in the tunnel lighting design for safe driving.