基于项目的跨区域合作碳交易灵活机制

Project-based carbon trading:A flexible mechanism to promotetrans-regional cooperation

全国碳市场目前采用行业基准法进行碳配额分配,没有充分考虑其内部巨大的地区差异性,同时促进可再生能源、林业碳汇等方面发展的灵活性也不足。笔者对碳交易的起源、发展和全国碳市场中区域平衡与灵活性等问题进行了讨论。在碳交易、区域协同、生态补偿等理论和方法的指导下,提出基于项目的跨区域合作交易灵活机制,即:在现有的行业基准法进行配额分配的基础上,根据生产者(地)与消费者(地)责任共担的原则,适当考虑地区差异等因素进行再分配;对于交易主体跨区域投资碳减排和碳抵消项目所产生的减排量,允许被用于抵充其碳排放配额的清缴。通过分析,指出该机制能够帮助东部地区和中西部地区达到共赢的目的。笔者还提出了构建基于项目的跨区域合作碳交易机制所需要开展的主要工作建议,包括机制构建的理论与方法的探索、机制的设计、以及试点先行方案的制定等。

The industry baseline method is adopted to allocate carbon allowances in China's national carbon market,neither considering its huge inner regional disparity,nor exhibiting enough flexibility to promote renewable energy.The origination,development and regional imbalance were discussed,and a project-based carbon trading of trans-regional cooperation mechanism was proposed under the direction of theories of carbon trading,trans-regional coordination and ecological compensation.In the proposed mechanism,allowance re-allocation is suggested under the principle of responsibility sharing between producing and consuming areas,and the reduction volume produced through the trans-regional investment projects can be allowed to offset the investor′s carbon allowance compliance.Based on the analysis,we pointed out that this flexible mechanism could help achieve a win-win situation between Eastern and Central&Western China.Suggestions to establish the mechanism were given,including the methodology probing,the institutional designing,and the pilot-program raising.