固定化微生物技术修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展

Research progress of immobilized microbial technology in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil

土壤修复产业在推进双碳行动、提高土壤碳汇能力上有着举足轻重的地位,而重金属污染具有的隐蔽性、持久性和不可逆性使得我国土壤重金属污染持续积累,影响了双碳目标的实现。固定化微生物技术作为生物修复法的一种,既可以减少传统的物理法、化学法在修复过程中产生的能源消耗和二次污染,又可以提高微生物密度、维持微生物活性,因此在修复重金属污染土壤方面具有广阔的发展前景。本文从固定方法、载体种类、微生物种类3个角度介绍了固定化微生物技术的分类,总结了该技术修复重金属污染的机理。根据不同的应用场景选择适配的载体和微生物可以达到事半功倍的效果。本综述汇总了固定化微生物技术在近五年内的研究发展现状,研究表明该技术可以有效修复重金属污染土壤,新型载体和新型微生物可以满足多种应用需求,还可以与植物修复技术联用以达到更加绿色低碳的修复效果。考虑到该技术未来的发展潜力,提出了固定化微生物技术的发展方向,旨在为固定化微生物技术修复重金属污染土壤的发展提供参考。

Soil remediation industry plays an important role in promoting"double carbon"action and improving soil carbon sink capacity.However,the concealment,persistence and irreversibility of heavy metal pollution make the soil heavy metal pollution in China continuously accumulate,hindering the realization of"double carbon"goal.Immobilized microbial technology is used as one of the bioremediation methods.This technology can reduce the energy consumption and secondary pollution produced by traditional physical and chemical methods in the remediation process.This technology can also improve microbial density and maintain microbial activity.Therefore,it has a broad development prospect in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.This paper firstly introduced the classification of immobilized microbial technology from three perspectives of immobilization methods,carrier types,and microbial species.Then the mechanisms of heavy metal pollution remediation by this technology were summarized.According to different application situations,the selection of carriers and microorganisms is of great importance.So,this paper also summarized the research development status of immobilized microbial technology in the last five years.Studies have shown that this technology can effectively remediate heavy metal contaminated soil.New carriers and new microorganisms have been developed to satisfy a variety of applications.The technology can also be combined with phytoremediation technology to achieve a more low-carbon remediation effect.Considering the future development potential of this technology,this paper also proposes the development direction of immobilized microbial technology.It is expected to provide a reference for the development of immobilized microbial technology for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.