汽油添加剂对发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响

Effects of gasoline additives on engine combustion and emissions characteristics

随着汽车排放法规的逐渐严格,高效和清洁成为了发动机燃烧技术和燃料技术的发展目标。汽油添加剂可以增强燃油的使用性能,有助于提升发动机的燃烧效率和控制排放。本文以汽油添加剂中的清净剂、减摩剂、助燃剂为关注点,围绕上述汽油添加剂对发动机燃烧和排放的影响进行了综述。研究表明,汽油清净剂通过清除和抑制发动机积碳,减少了一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢(HC)和颗粒物(PM)的排放,改善了燃油经济性;清净剂的添加浓度存在最佳值,过低或者过高的添加浓度并不能有效控制发动机积碳。助燃剂促使汽油燃烧更迅速、更完全,使得污染物排放降低,发动机动力性提升;汽油减摩剂会在活塞环与气缸之间形成液膜,减小发动机运动部件之间的摩擦损失,使得发动机的燃油经济性得到小幅提升。

With stringent vehicle emissions regulations,high efficiency and cleanliness have become the development target of engine combustion and fuel technology.The gasoline additives could enhance fuel performance and thus contribute to engine combustion efficiency improvement and emissions control.In this study,the influences of gasoline detergent,friction modifier,and combustion improver on engine combustion and emissions are reviewed.Literature studies have shown that the gasoline detergent reduces carbon monoxide(CO),hydrocarbons(HC),and particulate matter(PM)emissions,and improves fuel economy by removing engine deposits and inhibiting their formation.There is an optimal concentration of gasoline detergent,which means that gasoline detergent with too low or too high concentration cannot effectively remove engine deposits.Combustion improvers contribute to faster and more complete fuel combustion,resulting in reduced pollutant emissions and increased engine power output.With the addition of friction modifiers,a liquid film is formed between the piston and the cylinder,which reduces friction losses between the engine moving parts,resulting in a small improvement in engine fuel economy.