无机-有机杂化微胶囊:制备技术及在抗磨耐腐蚀涂层中的应用

Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Microcapsules:Preparation Technology and Applications in Anti-wear and Corrosion-resistant Coatings

微胶囊是增强涂层抗磨耐腐蚀性能的有效途径,对涂层抗磨耐腐蚀的研究有着重要意义。常见的微胶囊通常以聚砜(PSF)、聚脲甲醛(PUF)、聚三聚氰胺甲醛(PMF)、聚脲(PU)等有机物质为外壳,当与无机物质复合制成杂化壳时,能够显著增强微胶囊的耐温性、相容性,并有效调节其渗透性和机械强度。纳米粘土、纳米SiO_(2)、纳米CaCO_(3)、纳米Al_(2)O_(3)和碳纳米管等是合成杂化壳的良好材料。无机-有机杂化微胶囊具有强的耐温性、力学强度和物理稳定性。利用微胶囊包覆油性物质或离子液体,制备具有自润滑、自修复性能的涂料,在抗磨耐腐蚀方面有广泛应用。目前,无机-有机杂化微胶囊的制备方法主要有溶剂蒸发法、Pickering乳液法、原位聚合法和界面聚合法等。溶剂蒸发法试验周期短、简单易行。Pickering乳液法能有效提高包封效率。原位聚合法成球容易、包覆量大且无副产物。界面聚合法具有速度快、反应温和等优势。本文讨论了无机-有机杂化微胶囊的制备方法,简述了微胶囊的抗磨耐腐蚀机制,并以制备方法为分类依据,概述了微胶囊在增强高分子有机涂层相关性能中的具体运用,最后对无机-有机杂化微胶囊的制备与应用进行了展望,以期为微胶囊在更多领域中的运用提供参考。

Microcapsules' combination with the coating substrate is considered to be an effective way to enhance the anti-wear and anti-corrosion properties of coatings,which is of great significance to the research of anti-wear and anti-corrosion of coatings.Common microcapsules are made of organic materials,such as polysulfone(PSF),polyurea formaldehyde(PUF),polymelamine formaldehyde(PMF),polyurea(PU),etc.When they combined with inorganic materials to make hybrid shells,the temperature resistance and compatibility of microcapsules are promoted,can adjust permeability as well as mechanical strength effectively. Nano clay,nano-SiO_2,nano-CaCO_(3),nano-Al_(2)O_(3) and carbon nanotubes become good materials for the synthesis of hybrid shell.The inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules have strong temperature resistance,simultaneously mechanical and physical stability are improved.Microcapsules coated with oily substances or ionic liquids are often used to prepare coatings with self-lubricating and self-healing properties,which are widely used in anti-wear and corrosion resistance. At present,the preparation methods of inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules are mainly solvent evaporation,Pickering emulsion polymerization,in situ polymerization and interfacial polymerization.The solvent evaporation method is simple and easy to operate.Pickering emulsion method can effectively improve the entrapment efficiency.In situ polymerization is easy balling,large coating amount and no by-products.Interfacial polymerization has the advantages of high speed,mild reaction process. In this paper,the preparation methods of inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules are discussed,and the anti-wear and anti-corrosion mechanism of microcapsules is briefly described.Based on the classification of preparation methods,the specific application of microcapsules in enhancing the related properties of polymer organic coatings is summarized.Finally,the preparation and application of inorganic-organic hybrid microcapsules are prospected,in order to provide reference for the application of microcapsules in more fields.