中小学生成长危机应对:归因、特征与防范

The Response to the Growth Crisis of Pri mary and Middle School Students:Attribution Types and Countermeasures

依据25年教育心理咨询个案实例,从4大外部归因梳理出中小学生成长危机的13种类型,进而剖析处于危机状态下学生的行为特点。基于这些危机学生的共性特征,从教育系统视角,提出综合性的“12345”防范对策:标本兼治之策是新建一个中小学生成长指导中心,全方位统筹支持;应急之策是两个方面预警干预,全过程有效服务;强化之策是实现三大课堂互补,全覆盖育人网络;整合之策是完成四项具体目标,全员化工作格局;保障之策是建设五项制度机制,全流程专业衔接。

Based on 25 years of educational psychological counseling cases,13 types of growth crisis of primary and secondary school students are sorted out from 4 major external attribution,and then the explicit behavior characteristics of students in crisis are analyzed.Based on the common characteristics of these crisis students,from the perspective of the education system,this paper proposes comprehensive“12345”preventive measures.The solution is to build a new guidance center for the growth of primary and secondary students and provide all-round overall support;The emergency measures are two aspects of early warning intervention and effective service in the whole process.The strengthening strategy is to realize the complementarities of the three classes and the full coverage of the education network.The integration strategy is to implement the four specific objectives,and to achieve the work pattern of the whole staff.The safeguard strategy is to build five systems and mechanisms,with professional linkage throughout the process.