河南省抗赤霉病小麦新品种基因型、丰产性、农艺与品质性状测定

Determination of genotype,high yield,agronomic and quality traits of new wheat varieties resistant to fusarium head blight in Henan Province

【目的】筛选对小麦赤霉病有良好抗性且农艺性状、品质优良的小麦新品种。【方法】选择河南省小麦抗赤霉病组区域试验中参试的5个新品种及2个对照品种,在2019—2020、2020—2021年连续2 a采用单花滴注接种法进行田间赤霉病抗性鉴定,同时利用与Fhb1、Fhb2、Fhb4、Fhb5、Fhb7功能标记或紧密连锁的分子标记对其进行基因型检测,并对其冬春性、产量构成因素、株高和抗寒性等主要农艺性状,以及蛋白质含量、硬度、湿面筋含量和沉淀值等主要品质性状进行测定。【结果】7个参试品种平均病小穗率为42.2%,平均严重度3.0,参试品种的2 a平均产量为7105.4 kg·hm^(-2),平均分蘖成穗率为42.4%;郑麦113为弱春性,其余小麦新品种均为半冬性品种;参试品种平均全生育期为217 d,抗冬寒性变幅为2~3级,抗春寒性变幅为2~4级,平均株高为76.7 cm,百农207和机麦1号落粒性为3级,属易落粒品种。参试品种蛋白质含量平均值为14.8%,总淀粉含量平均值为61.2%,直链淀粉含量平均值为19.4%,直链淀粉与支链淀粉比值(直/支比)平均值为0.47,糊化温度平均值为88.7℃,硬度指数平均值为58.1,沉淀值平均值为68.4,湿面筋含量和面筋指数的平均值分别为31.5%和54.8。【结论】分子标记检测表明,豫农903、豫农904携带抗赤霉病基因Fhb1,机麦1号、郑麦9134携带Fhb5。郑麦9134、豫农904和豫农9033个半冬性新品种2 a平均产量均优于对照品种百农207,抗寒性和抗倒性也优于对照品种。豫农903、豫农904、郑麦9134综合性状优良,可作为小麦抗赤霉病遗传改良的种质和新品种加以改良利用。

【Objective】Researches were Couducted to screen new wheat varieties with good resistance to wheatfusarium head blight and excellent agronomic characters and quality.【Method】 Five new lines and two control varieties tested in the regional test of wheat fusarium head blight resistance group in Henan Province were selected to carry out the identification of fusarium head blight resistance in the field by single-flower drip inoculation method for two consecutive years from 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021.At the same time,their genotypes were detected by using functional markers or closely linked molecular markers with Fhb1,Fhb2,Fhb4,Fhb5,and Fhb7,and their winter and spring characteristics,yield components,main agronomic traits such as plant height and cold resistance,as well as the main quality traits such as protein content,hardness,wet gluten content and sedimentation value were measured.【Result】 The average diseased spikelet rate of the seven tested varieties was 42.2%,the average severity was 3.0,the average 2 a yield of the tested varieties was 7 105.4 kg·hm^(-2),and the average tillering ear rate was 42.4%;Zhengmai 113 is weak spring,and other new wheat varieties are semi-winter;The average whole growth period of the tested varieties is 217 days,the range of resistance to winter cold is 2-3 grades,the range of resistance to spring cold is 2-4 grades,the average plant height is 76.7 cm,and the grain falling property of Bainong 207 and Jimai 1 is 3 grades,indicating they are varieties with low seed-holding capicity.The average protein content of the tested varieties was 14.8%,the average total starch content was 61.2%,the average amylose content was 19.4%,the average amylose/amylopectin ratio(amylose/amylopectin ratio) was 0.47,the average gelatinization temperature was 88.7 ℃,the average hardness index was 58.1,the average sedimentation value was 68.4,and the average wet gluten content and gluten index were 31.5% and 54.8 respectively.【Conclusion】Molecular marker detection showed that Yunong 903 and Yunong 904 carried the fusarium head blight resistance gene Fhb1,while Jimai 1 and Zhengmai 9134 carried Fhb5.The average 2 a yield of three new semi-winter varieties,including Zhengmai 9134,Yunong 904 and Yunong 903,is better than that of the control variety Bainong 207,and the cold resistance and lodging resistance are also better than that of the control variety.Yunong 903,Yunong 904 and Zhengmai 9134 have excellent comprehensive characters and can be used as germplasm and new varieties for genetic improvement of wheat fusarium head blight resistance.