对受铅和镉污染的土壤修复技术的研究进展

Research Progress of Remediation Techniques for Soil Contaminated by Lead and Cadmium

最近的土壤调查表明,农田中土壤重金属含量较多的是铅和镉,因此,研究土壤中铅和镉的修复技术是现阶段污染土壤修复的重点之一。本文在介绍土壤中铅和镉来源的基础上,对铅和镉污染土壤的现状、产生危害、赋存形态和提取方法进行了详细介绍。结合现阶段的修复技术,对修复技术(物理修复、化学修复、联合修复)在污染土壤中的修复过程进行了系统综述,分析了各个修复技术的优缺点,得出了联合修复技术最适合铅和镉的修复治理。随之,重点介绍了黏土矿物对铅和镉的修复机制。最后,对未来重毒性铅和镉污染土壤的高效修复提出了展望。本文为有效和经济地修复土壤提供了更好的选择,希望为以后的铅和镉土壤污染修复提供参考。

According to the recent soil survey,the heavy metals in farmland are mainly lead and cadmium.Therefore,the remediation technology of lead and cadmium in soil is one of the focuses of contaminated soil at this stage.Based on the introduction of the sources of lead and cadmium in soil,the current status,hazards,occurrence forms and extraction methods of lead and cadmium contaminated soil were introduced in detail.Combined with the current remediation technologies,the remediation technologies(physical remediation,chemical remediation,and joint remediation)in the remediation process of contaminated soil were systematically reviewed,the advantages and disadvantages of each remediation technology were analyzed,and it was concluded that the joint remediation technology was most suitable for the treatment of lead and cadmium.Then,the remediation mechanism of lead and cadmium by clay minerals was introduced.Finally,the prospect of efficient remediation of heavy toxic lead and cadmium contaminated soil in the future was put forward.This paper provides a better choice for soil remediation effectively and economically,and provides a reference for the remediation of Pb and CD soil pollution in the future.