荆州胡家草场涉历西汉简校议——兼论颛顼历的连大月、连小月和置闰法

Examination and Discussion of Calendar-Related Western Han Bamboo Slips from Hujia Caochang in Jingzhou,with a Discussion of Continuous Long Months,Short Months,and Intercalation in the Zhuanxu Calendar

胡家草场西汉简牍,出土于湖北省荆州市胡家草场西汉墓M12,简牍数量巨大,已经编号的有4642枚。这批简牍内容丰富,可分为岁纪、历日、律令、医方及杂方、日书、簿籍、遣册等几类。2019年以来,发掘整理者已经发表了《湖北荆州市胡家草场墓地M12发掘简报》[1]、《湖北荆州市胡家草场西汉墓M12出土简牍概述》[2]等成果,陆续公布了部分简牍的图版和释文。

Calendrical Western Han bamboo slips from Hujia Caochang are of significant value for understanding and reconstructing the Zhuanxu calendar.This study first demonstrated that No.593 slip from Rizhi and No.37 from Suiji had typos.In the former case,"jia shen"should be written as"geng shen,"while in the latter case,"ji mao"was miswritten as"yi mao."Secondly,this paper discussed the text“Qi yue,yi bing shen shuo,shuo ri shi,geng yi ding you"on No.18 slip of Suiji and argued its irreplaceable value for understanding abnormally continuous long months and short months in the Zhuanxu calendar used at the beginning of the Western Han,and for understanding the relationship between the practical calendar and the secondary calendar.Lastly,this paper casts doubt on"zhong yue"(should be"meng yue")recorded on the first slip No.2752 of Rizhi,and argues that the record of"Chun li shi er yue xia xun zheng yue shang xun"reflected the calendrical concept of intercalating at the start of spring,relating to intercalation in the Bainian calendar as used during Emperor Wen of Han's Houyuan reign.The Bainian calendar,which selected January 5^(th)as the start of spring and intercalated in the following year,is filled with mathematical logic and related to the thought of"zhong shi chuan wu de(circulation of the five elements),"as stated in Gongsun Chen's petition.