中国收缩城市企业TFP下降的原因:关于集聚效应和选择效应的检验

Reasons for TFP decline of enterprises in China's shrinking cities:Testing on agglomeration effect and selection effect

探明企业全要素生产率下降的原因对于收缩城市复苏和区域协调发展具有重要意义。在构建一个能够识别同一类地区在不同时间节点间的企业生产率变动原因模型的基础上,利用微观数据检验集聚效应、集聚效应的异质性和选择效应在2000—2010年间中国收缩城市企业全要素生产率下降过程中的作用。研究表明,中国收缩城市企业同时面临着集聚效应增强带来的全要素生产率提高(高效率企业获益更多)和选择效应减弱带来的全要素生产率下降。国有企业相比非国有企业、高技术产业企业相比非高技术产业企业、高收缩程度城市企业相比低收缩程度城市企业从集聚中获得了更高的全要素生产率提升幅度,其中低效率企业存活比例的提升幅度更高。

Exploring the reasons for the enterprises'total factor productivity decline is of vital importance to the revival of shrinking cities'economies and the coordinated development of the regional economy.This paper constructs a model to identify the reasons behind the enterprises'productivity changes between time points in the same regions.Applying with micro data,this paper examines the roles that agglomeration effect,heterogeneity of agglomeration effect and selection effect play in the enterprises'total factor productivity decline of China's shrinking cities between 2000 and 2010.The findings show that,the total factor productivity of enterprises in China's shrinking cities faced both the enhancement of the agglomeration effect(in which more efficient enterprises benefit more)and the weakening of the selection effect.Moreover,compared with non-state-owned enterprises,non-high-tech industrial enterprises and enterprises in cities with low shrinkage,the state-owned enterprises,high-tech industrial enterprises and enterprises in cities with high shrinkage have gained more total factor productivity improvement from the agglomeration effect,but they also provided more opportunities for inefficient enterprises to survive.