双语心理词汇通达模型:70年回顾与展望

Past,Present,and Future:Seventy Years of Bilingual Lexical Access Models

20世纪50年代至今,双语词汇通达模型研究历经孕育、形成、发展,目前进入了成熟阶段。本文系统梳理了双语词汇记忆表征、双语词汇产出与识别、二语词汇发展模型的发展脉络,简述了相关言语模型和计算模型的特色与不足,归纳了有关双语词汇通达的最新共识。建议未来研究应:1)重视语言情境在双语词汇通达和二语学习过程中的作用机制;2)强化双语加工和二语学习领域认知计算模型与神经模型的交叉验证与融合;3)重视汉语特色,拓展目前以西方语言研究为基础的理论模型,推动本土理论国际化。

Researchers have proposed bilingual lexical access models since the early 1950s.The current paper reviews the breeding,development,expansion,and maturity phases of the bilingual lexical access models,which simulate lexical production,recognition,translation,and learning in bilinguals.We focus on the features and limitations of those verbal and computational models and conclude with a consensus viewpoint on bilingual lexical access.Future empirical studies on bilingual lexical access and models should:1)investigate the influence of linguistic or nonlinguistic context on bilingual lexical access and lexical learning,2)cross-validate the framework of bilingual lexical access with neurocognitive empirical evidence,and 3)focus on Chinese language characteristics and intermationalize theories or models proposed.