摘要
水热液化是“双碳”背景下实现废弃生物质资源化、能源化利用的有效途径,特别是针对含水率高的污泥,可将其直接转化为生物油。然而水热液化转化效率和生物油中化合物的形成取决于水热液化工艺的各种参数,其中合适的催化剂在水热液化反应中具有非常重要的作用。均相催化剂中的碱催化剂主要作用于碳水化合物、木质素以及脂质等物质的液化反应,能够有效降低生物油中的氧含量,并能将生物油产率提高到48%左右。而酸催化剂可以促进蛋白质的水解以及脱氨反应,将生物油中的氮元素转移到水相中,从而降低生物油中的氮元素含量,提高生物油品质。非均相催化剂则促进了脱羧反应及美拉德反应,尤其是金属负载型催化剂,双金属的协同作用及过渡金属的加氢作用,将生物油产率最高提高至53.12%(Ni/Mo催化剂)。今后对各类催化剂的具体作用机理仍需进一步明确,以期开发出高性能、稳定性好、高选择性且成本适宜的催化剂,在提高生物油产率的同时改善生物油品质。
Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)is an effective way for the resource and energy utilization of waste biomass to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,especially for sludge with high water content which can be directly converted into bio-oil.However,the conversion efficiency of hydrothermal liquefaction and the formation of compounds in bio-oil depend on HTL parameters,among which the catalyst plays a very important role in HTL reaction.The base catalysts in homogeneous catalysts mainly act on the liquefaction reactions of carbohydrates,lignin and lipids,effectively reduce the oxygen content of bio-oil and increase the yield of bio-oil to about 48%.Acid catalysts accelerate the hydrolysis and deamination of protein and transfer nitrogen from bio-oil to the aqueous phase,thus reducing the nitrogen content of bio-oil and improving the quality of bio-oil.Heterogeneous catalysts,especially metal supported catalyst,promote the decarboxylation reaction and Maillard reaction during HTL.The bio-oil yield reaches as high as 53.12%in the presence of Ni/Mo catalyst due to the synergistic effect of bimetals and the hydrogenation of transition metals.In the future,the action mechanism of various catalysts needs to be further clarified to develop catalysts with high performance,good stability,high selectivity and right cost,so as to improve the quality of bio-oil while increasing the yield of bio-oil.
作者
卢森森
郭翔宇
孙志强
于洁
张恒瑞
朱哲
Lu Sensen;Guo Xiangyu;Sun Zhiqiang;Yu Jie;Zhang Hengrui;Zhu Zhe(School of Environmental Science and Safe Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300384;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology,Tianjin 300384)
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2023年第3期17-24,共8页
Sino-Global Energy
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划“基于降低城市碳足迹的污水综合处理与资源化研究”(编号:2018YFE0106400)
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“超富集植物水热液化过程中重金属耦合迁移转化规律及调控机制”(编号:41907329)
大学生创新创业训练计划项目“污泥催化液化实验与机理研究”(编号:202010060093)。
关键词
污泥
水热液化
生物油
均相催化剂
非均相催化剂
生物油产率
sludge
hydrothermal liquefaction
bio-oil
homogeneous catalyst
heterogeneous catalyst
bio-oil yield