基于白-黑肤色差异的族裔间不平等及其生成逻辑

Interracial Inequality on the Basis of White-Black Skin Color Difference and Its Generative Logic

近年来由年轻白人发起针对其他族裔的暴力袭击事件在美国社会频繁发生。美国著名的人类学家杜克大学马杰明(J. Lorand Matory)教授指出,美国发生此类暴力袭击的直接原因是少部分受“白人至上主义”观念影响的年轻白人,在其他族裔人群获得与他们同等甚至超过他们的机会和成就时产生了强烈的挫败感,这种情绪使他们对其他族群心生敌意;然而,“白人至上主义”实际上是在欧洲海外殖民过程中构建的一套基于“白-黑肤色差异的人类等级体系”这种后启蒙时代伪科学的产物;事实上,是在白人身份的建构过程中突显白人优秀品质的同时,把他们自身被压抑的丑恶面投射于非洲裔和其他有色人群身上,导致了这些群体成为社会排斥、歧视和袭击的对象。

In recent years,violent attacks committed by young whites against people of other ethnic groups occur frequently in America. Prof. J. Lorand Matory,a distinguished anthropologist of Duke University,argues that,the immediate cause of this kind of violent attacks in America is that some young whites,affected by the idea of “white supremacy” are deeply frustrated when they see people of other races and ethnic groups have the same,sometimes even better opportunities and achievements than them,thus makes them hostile to people of other races and ethnic groups. However,the idea of “white supremacy” is actually the product of pseudoscience in post-enlightenment era when Europeans colonize abroad,and a set of “human hierarchy system based on the skin color difference between whites and blacks.” The exclusion,discrimination,and assault of African and other minority groups by American society is actually the result of white people constructing their identity by emphasizing their positive traits and projecting their negative qualities onto these minority groups.