miRNA在2型糖尿病中的研究进展

Research Progress of miRNA in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2型糖尿病(T2DM)是以血糖异常为主要特征且发病率高的代谢性疾病。miRNA广泛存在于生物体中,在转录及转录后水平调控基因表达,受环境、遗传和表观遗传因素的调节,具有稳定、广泛的组织特异性表达,且影响T2DM的发生、发展。T2DM以相对胰岛素缺乏和外周组织抵抗为主,越来越多证据表明miRNA参与调节胰腺、肝脏、骨骼肌和脂肪的糖代谢,有望成为其生物标志物。本文从miRNA的生物发生和功能特性及其在相关组织的研究进展等方面进行综述,深入探讨miRNA与糖代谢途径之间的相互作用,以期为miRNA在2型糖尿病的研究、诊断和治疗提供参考。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease with high morbidity and the main feature of dysglycemia.MicroRNAs are widely present in organisms,regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels,are regulated by environmental,genetic and epigenetic factors,have stable and extensive tissue-specific expression,and affect the occurrence and development of T2DM.T2DM is mainly characterized by relative insulin deficiency and peripheral tissue resistance,and more and more evidences indicate that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the pancreas,liver,skeletal muscle and fat,and are expected to become its biomarkers.This paper reviews the biogenesis and functional properties of miRNAs and their research progress in related tissues,and further discusses the interaction between miRNAs and glucose metabolism pathways,so as to provide references for miRNAs in the research,diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes.