摘要
时间焦点是塑造内隐时空映射的关键因素,但不同生命史策略个体的时间取向差异是否影响时间焦点和内隐时空映射以及二者如何交互影响内隐时空映射尚不清晰。本文通过3个研究考察不同生命史策略个体的时间焦点和内隐时空映射偏好,并进一步探讨生命史策略和时间焦点如何对内隐时空映射起作用。研究1发现快生命史策略个体不存在时间焦点偏好,慢生命史策略个体偏好未来焦点。研究2发现快生命史策略个体的内隐时空映射方向没有明显偏好,而慢生命史策略个体偏好“未来在前”的内隐时空映射。研究3发现干预时间焦点可以塑造快生命史策略个体的内隐时空映射,但对慢生命史策略个体内隐时空映射的影响甚微。整个研究从进化适应性角度证明生命史策略能够影响时间焦点和内隐时空映射,并发现时间焦点假设的影响具有边界条件。
concept of time through space.As far as the direction of metaphorical mapping is concerned,space-time mappings in the'front-back'direction are the most common.At present,most studies have confirmed the psychological reality of spatiotemporal mapping.However,research on implicit space-time mapping in mental thinking and its influencing factors are still controversial.The Temporal Focus Hypothesis(TFH)holds that language is not the only factor affecting the implicit space-time mapping,and that the attention individuals pay to past or future time,namely,Temporal Focus,is the key factor shaping the implicit space-time mapping.Temporal focus refers to the extent to which individuals allocate their attention to past,present and future time periods,and is influenced by a variety of factors such as culture,individual differences,and cognitive training.Life history strategy is a stable pattern of psychological behavior.It is a variable belonging to the category of individual differences.This study builds on existing research by introducing life history strategies,which are stable patterns of mental behavior that individuals develop through trade-offs in order to survive and adapt,and are variables that fall under the category of individual differences.Those with a slow life history strategy attach more importance to events related to the future and show a preference for“future thinking”,while those with a fast life history strategy focus on the present and have no obvious preference for“future thinking”or“past thinking”.This study adopts a time-focus questionnaire,a time-diagramming task and a time-word categorization task to explore the temporal focus and implicit temporal mapping preferences of subjects with different life history strategies,and the effects of life history strategies and time-focus on implicit temporal mapping.In this paper,we examine the temporal focus and implicit temporal mapping preferences of individuals with different life-history strategies,and further verify the stability and applicable boundary conditions of the temporal focus hypothesis through three studies.In Study 1,the Life History Strategy Questionnaire and Time Focus Scale were used to explore the relationship between life history strategy and time focus.Study 2 explored the relationship between life history strategy type and implicit temporal mapping direction using a temporal diagramming task and a temporal word decision task,respectively.Experiment 3 further tested the stability of the temporal focus hypothesis by initiating different temporal focus in individuals with fast and slow life history strategies.The results showed that the fast-strategy subjects had no obvious preference for temporal focus and implicit temporal mapping,while the slow-strategy subjects preferred future temporal focus and“future-front,past-back”implicit temporal mapping associations.The intervention of temporal focus shaped the implicit space-time mappings direction of fast-strategic individuals with a metaphorical consistency effect,whereas for slow-strategic subjects,the intervention had a limited effect.The entire study demonstrates that life history strategies can influence temporal focus and implicit space-time mapping from an evolutionary adaptive perspective.And the temporal focus hypothesis has boundary conditions.
作者
王悦
王晓玉
宋莹
李莹
WANG Yue;WANG Xiaoyu;SONG Ying;LI Ying(School of Education,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Number 10 Middle School of Yuci District,Jingzhong 030602,China)
出处
《心理学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期781-791,共11页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究项目(20YJC190023)
河南省哲学社会科学基金(2022BYY020)
河南省教育科学规划重点课题(2022JKZD32)
2021年郑州大学研究生教育研究项目(YJSJY202147)。
关键词
隐喻一致性效应
生命史策略
时间焦点
内隐时空映射
the metaphor congruency effect
life history strategy
temporal focus
implicit space-time mappings