靶向亚细胞结构治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展

Research progress of subcellular structure-targeted therapy in spinal cord injury

脊髓损伤是一种能对患者的感觉功能、运动功能以及自主神经功能造成极大影响的疾病,它不仅给患者本人带来严重身心伤害,还对社会造成巨大的经济负担。随着医疗技术的发展,对脊髓损伤内在机制的研究也在不断深入,脊髓损伤的治疗方法层出不穷,但其疗效欠佳,因此亟需进一步探索新的脊髓损伤治疗策略,拓展新的治疗思路。诸多研究表明,各种亚细胞结构与脊髓损伤后损伤部位神经再生及功能恢复密切相关,因此靶向线粒体、溶酶体/自噬体、内质网、胞内体和蛋白酶体等亚细胞结构治疗脊髓损伤可望在促进脊髓损伤后神经再生与修复中起重要作用。多种靶向亚细胞结构的治疗策略在脊髓损伤治疗中效果显著,其中又以靶向线粒体或内质网治疗脊髓损伤的研究为主。靶向线粒体治疗主要着重于维持损伤部位线粒体能量代谢水平,而靶向内质网治疗主要着重于抑制内质网应激。该文就靶向亚细胞结构治疗在脊髓损伤修复中的应用研究进展作一综述,可望为开发脊髓损伤的新型靶向治疗策略、提高脊髓损伤治疗效果提供新思路。

Spinal cord injury is a serious disease that greatly affects the sensory function,motor function and autonomic nervous function of patients.It not only brings serious physical and mental harm to patients but also causes huge economic burden to the society.With the development of medical technology,the research on the internal mechanism of spinal cord injury is also deepening,and the treatment methods of spinal cord injury emerge in endlessly.However,the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory,so it is urgent to further explore new therapeutic strategies and expand new therapeutic ideas for spinal cord injury.Many studies have shown that various subcellular structures are closely related to nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Therefore,targeting subcellular structures to treat spinal cord injury plays an important role in promoting nerve regeneration and repair after spinal cord injury.This targeted therapy mainly refers to targeting a variety of subcellular structures such as mitochondria,lysosomes/autophagosomes,endoplasmic reticulum,intracellular bodies and proteasomes.A variety of therapeutic strategies targeting subcellular structures have significant therapeutic effects on spinal cord injury.Among them,mitochondrial targeting or endoplasmic reticulum targeting mainly focuses on maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism at the injury site,while endoplasmic reticulum targeting mainly focuses on inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.This article reviews the research progress of subcellular structure-targeted therapy in spinal cord injury,which is expected to be a new targeted therapy strategy for spinal cord injury and provide a new idea for the treatment of spinal cord injury.