川崎病相关微RNA的功能机制及生物标志物研究进展

Progress in functional mechanisms and biomarkers of miRNA related to Kawasaki disease

川崎病是一种以全身血管炎为主要病变的急性发热出疹性小儿疾病,为儿童后天性心脏病最常见的病因。该病病因尚不明确,发病机制仍有待探索。部分川崎病病例由于临床表现不典型易被误诊,未经有效治疗的患者并发冠状动脉病变的风险增加。因此,及时诊断川崎病与预测冠状动脉病变对川崎病及早治疗、改善预后具有重大意义。微RNA(miRNA)在生物体的各种生命过程中发挥着重要作用,同时miRNA表达失调参与众多疾病的发生、发展。目前研究显示,miRNA可辅助疾病的诊断、预后评估和大规模人群筛查,作为新型生物标志物具有潜在的临床应用前景。近期研究发现,miRNA与川崎病发病机制相关,其表达失调将导致川崎病患者的免疫失衡及血管损伤。另有部分研究表明,循环miRNA可作为川崎病潜在的生物标志物,主要聚焦于川崎病早期诊断及疗效预测。目前的研究尚处于探索阶段,需要更多的临床研究去验证川崎病相关miRNA的早期诊断及预测效能。该文就近年来miRNA在川崎病中的功能机制及生物标志物研究进行综述。

Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile exanthema pediatric disease with systemic vasculitis as the main lesion,which is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children.The etiology of the disease is not clear,and the pathogenesis remains to be explored.Some cases of Kawasaki disease are prone to misdiagnosis due to atypical clinical presentations,and patients who have not been effectively treated are at increased risk of coronary artery lesion.Therefore,timely diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and prediction of coronary artery lesion have great significance for early treatment and prognosis of Kawasaki disease.MiRNA plays an important role in various life processes of organisms,and dysregulation of miRNA is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases.Current studies have shown that miRNA can assist in the diagnosis,prognosis assessment and large-scale population screening of diseases,and has potential clinical application prospects as a novel biomarker.Recent studies have found that miRNA is associated with the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease,and expression dysregulation will lead to immune imbalance and vascular damage in patients with Kawasaki disease.Other studies have shown that circulating miRNA can be used as a potential biomarker of Kawasaki disease,mainly focusing on early diagnosis and efficacy prediction of Kawasaki disease.The current research is still at the exploratory stage,and more clinical studies are needed to verify the early diagnosis and prediction efficacy of miRNA related to Kawasaki disease.This article reviews the functional mechanism and biomarkers of miRNA in Kawasaki disease in recent years.