丽水5个砂梨品种芽休眠进程和需冷量测定

Five Sand Pear Cultivars in Lishui Measured in Terms of Bud Endodormancy Process and Chilling Requirement

对梨品种进行了芽内休眠和需冷量的观测,旨在为品种推广和相关栽培技术应用提供参考。本研究于近几年对丽水莲都区郊区和市区两个平地果园的5个砂梨品种的叶芽或花芽进行了需冷量的观测,主要结果如下:丽水莲都区冬季较温暖,>7.2℃的时长较长,一般情况下以犹他模型计算需冷量较为可靠;相比2015年的市区,2020年郊区冬季前期温度明显高于后期,低需冷量样本在犹他模型下的需冷量计算结果相对高需冷量种质偏高;需冷量由高到低为‘翠冠’叶芽、真香梨叶芽>‘圆黄’花芽>‘翠冠’花芽、老雪梨叶芽>‘翠玉’花芽;以上供试芽样本在观测果园都能正常解除休眠;‘翠玉’梨花芽存在类似“二次休眠”的情况,其休眠进程有待进一步研究。

Observation of bud dormancy process and measurement of chilling requirement(CR)of pear bud can provide reference for extension of cultivars and application of related cultivation technique.In this study,leaf bud(LB)or reproductive bud(RB)of five sand pear cultivars were selected to investigate the bud endodormancy process and measuring CR in the last few years in two orchards of Lishui city.The main results were as follows:The winter in Liandu District of Lishui is relatively warm,and the duration of temperature>7.2℃is long,Therefore,it is more reliable to calculate the CR with Utah model.Compared with the urban area of 2020 the temperature in the early winter in the suburb of 2015 is significantly higher than that in the late winter,so the estimated CR value of low chill bud accessions is higher than that of high chill accessions.The CR from high to low is‘Cuiguan’LB and Zhengxiangli LB>‘Wonhwang’RB>‘Cuiguan’RB and Laoxuenli LB>‘Cuiyu’RB.All of the above bud accessions can release endordormancy in the orchards.For‘Cuiyu’RB,secondary dormancy was observed,which need to be further studied.