磺酰脲类除草剂对抗性油菜田间杂草的防除效果及安全性评价

Weed control and safety evaluation of sulfonylurea herbicides in resistant rapeseed field

草害是影响油菜产量和品质的重要因素之一,种植抗除草剂品种,配合化学除草是解决油菜田杂草防治最经济有效的方法。为筛选适合抗除草剂油菜新品种搭配使用的除草剂,本研究以非转基因抗磺酰脲类除草剂油菜新种质M342为材料,比较了苯磺隆等11种磺酰脲类除草剂的防除效果和安全性。结果显示,11种磺酰脲类除草剂对油菜田杂草的鲜重防效均在70%以上,均能显著降低杂草对氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗。啶嘧磺隆对M342有严重药害,喷施后植株腐烂并逐渐坏死。苄嘧磺隆和氟唑磺隆也对M342的产量有显著影响,分别比人工除草对照减产6.22%和16.59%。其余8种磺酰脲类除草剂对M342的产量均无显著影响,可应用于抗磺酰脲类除草剂油菜新品种田间杂草的防除。

Weed control is one of the important factors affecting yield and quality of rapeseed.Planting herbi⁃cide-resistant rapeseed combined with herbicide application is the most economical and effective method in field.To find out the optimal herbicide for the new non-transgenic rapeseed germplasm M342(resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides),weed control effect and safety evaluation of 11 sulfonylurea herbicides were compared.Results showed that the control effects(by fresh weight of the weeds)from the herbicides were more than 70%.All the 11 of herbi⁃cides could significantly reduce the weeds consumption of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and water.However,fla⁃zasulfuron caused serious chemical damage to M342.After spray,the plant rotted and gradually necrosed.Bensulfu⁃ron and fluazosulfuron also had significant effects on yield inhibition.Compared with manual weed control,yield from bensulfuron-and fluazosulfuron-treated fields decreased by 6.22%and 16.59%,respectively.The other 8 sul⁃fonylurea herbicides had no significant effect on M342 yield,thus could be used to control weeds in field of the new rape variety resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides.