命物之化而守其宗:新兴人类增强技术的道家生命文化审思

Adapting to the Changes of Things and Keeping Their Essence:A Review of Taoist Life Culture on Emerging Human Enhancement Technology

新兴人类增强技术(HET)直接作用于“人”自身,使人从“自然人”逐渐转向“技术人”,从而引发人类对其产生深度的人文主义焦虑。道家生命文化将“生命”与对“道”的追求关联起来,并更注重对生命的人文价值的追寻,因而可以为人类增强技术提供更具人文主义色彩的价值指引。在目的论层面,道家生命文化中“养生”“心斋”等概念为HET在人类物质与人文层面提供了“目的校正”;在认识论层面,道家生命文化中“真知”“物化”等范畴引导HET消解“是非之争”,打破“成心”;在方法论层面,道家生命文化以“道”为宗,以“以明”和“因是”为HET提供了方法论规范。总体上,从道家生命文化对HET进行人文主义审视,具有鲜明的自然主义色彩。从道家生命文化中的人文主义思想资源可以得出,对于HET,并不在于一味地摒弃此类技术,而是“人文地”引导技术服务于人类最为“本真”的需求,服务于人类自身成长尤其是人文进步的过程。

Emerging human enhancement technology(HET)directly acts on"human"itself,making people gradually change from"natural person"to"technical person",which causes human beings to have deep humanistic anxiety about it.Taoist life culture links"life"with the pursuit of""Tao",and pays more attention to the pursuit of the humanistic value of lfe,so it can provide more humanistic value guidance for human beings to enhance technology.At the level of teleology,the concepts of"health preservation(养生)"and"purifying theheart(心斋)"in Taoist life culture provide"purpose correction"for HET at the level of material and humanities;at the epistemological level,the categories of"true knowledge(真知)"and"materialization(物化)"in Taoist life culture guide HET to eliminate the"dispute between right and wrong"and break the"predetermined mind(成心)";at the methodological level,the Taoist life culture takes"Tao"as its purpose,and"proper light of the mind(以明)"and"judgment of what is right(因是)"as its methodological norms for HET.In general,the humanistic examination of HET from the perspective of Taoist life culture has a distinct naturalism.From the humanist thought resources in Taoist life culture,it can be concluded that for HET,it does not lie in blindly abandoning such technologies,but in"Humanistic"guiding technologies to serve the most"authentic"needs of mankind and the process of human growth,especially the progress of humanity.