机体哲学视域中新兴人类增强技术的伦理风险成因与治理

Causes and Its Governance of Ethical Risks on Emerging Human Enhancement Technology from the Perspective of Philosophy of Organism

当代新兴人类增强技术的迅速发展,在给人们带来诸多利益的同时,也带来了不少伦理风险,突出表现为“人工进化”与“自然退化”相伴出现,“个人增强”与“社会冲突”相互诱发,“智能提升”与“心态失衡”并行发展,由此带来对人类生命健康、社会公正以及人格同一性等方面的负面影响。从机体哲学角度看,造成这些伦理风险的一个深层原因在于:人们习惯用非机体的手段处理各类机体之间的关系,使得人工机体的存在形态、演化规律和管理模式借助新兴人类增强技术发展不断渗透到生命机体、社会机体和精神机体之中,造成各类机体原有关系变得不稳定、不确定、不可持续。消除新兴人类增强技术的伦理风险需要借助机体哲学的方法论和价值观,调整好各类机体之间的和谐共生关系,通过伦理治理引导新兴人类增强技术的“善用”。

The rapid development of modern emerging human enhancement technology has brought about many benefits to people,but also led to many ethical risks.They are highlighted by that artificial evolution and natural degradation appear together,personal enhancement and social conflict induce each other,and intelligence enhancement and mental imbalance develop in parallel,which bring about the impact on life health,social justice and personal identity.From the perspective of philosophy of organism,a deep-seated reason for these ethical risks is that people are used to dealing with the relationship between various organisms by non-organism means,which makes the existence form,evolution law and management mode of artificial organisms continuously permeate into the biological organism,social organism and mental organism with the help of development of emerging human enhancement technology,and causes the original relationship of various organisms to become unstable,uncertain and unsustainable.To eliminate the ethical risk of the emerging human enhancement technology,we need to adjust the harmonious symbiotic relationship between various organisms with the help of the methodology and values of philosophy of organism,and guide the good use of emerging human enhancement technology through ethical governance.