精准医学结合问题式教学法和案例教学法在血液病学教学中的探索

Exploration of precision medicine combined with problem-based learning and case-based learning teaching method in hematology teaching

随着基因组学、蛋白质组学等生物信息技术的发展,医学逐步开启以基因为临床决策依据的精准医学时代。与传统医学模式相比,精准医学将医学视角从器官水平带入分子水平,疾病谱也将在基因基础上重建,这不仅会改变对很多疾病的理解,也会引起医学教育观念的改变。问题式教学法和案例教学法(PBL-CBL)联合教学已被证实可在临床教学实践中积极调动学生的学习主观能动性,同时又充分发挥教师的指导作用,获得较好的教学效果。本文从血液病学教学实际出发,分析精准医学融入血液病学临床教学的必要性,总结精准医学在PBL-CBL临床教学中的开展现状,同时对教学实践过程中的问题、解决方法以及精准医学模式下教学评价体系的建设进行初步探讨,为精准医学模式下临床医学专业课程的建设提供可实践化的思路及方法。

With the development of genomics,proteomics and other biological information technology,medicine has gradually opened the era of precision medicine with genes as the basis for clinical decision-making.Compared with the traditional medical model,precision medicine brings the medical perspective from the organ level to the molecular level,and the disease spectrum will also be reconstructed on a genetic basis,which will not only change our understanding of many diseases,but also cause changes in the concept of medical education.Problem-based learning and case-based learning teaching method(PBL-CBL)has been confirmed to actively mobilize students'active initiative in clinical teaching practice,while giving full play to the guiding role of teachers and obtaining better teaching results.This study will analyze the necessity of integrating precision medicine into the clinical teaching of hematology from the actual teaching practice of hematology,summarize the current situation of precision medicine in PBL-CBL,and preliminarily discuss the problems in the teaching practice process,solutions and the construction of teaching evaluation system under the precision medicine model,providing practical ideas and methods for the construction of clinical medicine professional courses under the precision medicine model.