北京延庆世界地质公园生态系统服务价值评价和生态地质调查工作建议

The evaluation of ecosystem service of Yanqing Global Geopark in Beijing and the suggestions for ecological geology

保护区域生态环境是世界地质公园主要功能之一。建立世界地质公园有利于促进区域生态环境保护,促进人与自然和谐共生。研究世界地质公园的生态系统服务价值可为提升世界地质公园的生态功能提供技术支撑。基于Costanza等的全球生态系统服务价值单价模型,建立了中国生态系统服务价值单价,并以延庆世界地质公园为例,运用GlobeLand30数据和ArcGIS软件对2000-2020年间延庆世界地质公园及邻区的生态系统服务价值进行评估。近20年间延庆世界地质公园的生态系统服务总价值基本保持稳定,2000年、2010年和2020年延庆世界地质公园园区生态系统服务价值分别为3040百万元人民币、3103百万元人民币和3086百万元人民币;在园区各类生态系统服务价值中以森林、草原和农田生态系统服务价值为主,占生态系统服务总价值的96%以上。针对园区生态系统特点,提出生态地质调查和生态保护建议:一是加强园区林分组成、林分结构、林分质量和林地土壤调查,提高森林生态系统质量;二是开展湿地地下水和水土流失监测,防止湿地进一步萎缩;三是连通妫水河流域和官厅水库水系,维护河流生态流量;四是基于系统观开展园区生态地质调查,协调开展园区山、水、林、田、湖、草等不同自然要素综合调查,提高生态系统服务总价值。五是建立跨部门、跨区域生态保护协调推进机制。

Protecting the regional ecological environment is one of the major functions of the Global Geoparks.The Global Geoparks benefit the regional environment protection and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.The study on the values of ecosystem services of global geoparks will provide technical support for improving the ecological functions of global geoparks.This study establishes the unit value of ecosystem services in China on the basis of the unit value model of global ecosystem services invented by Costanza et al,and evaluates the ecosystem services of Yanqing Global Geopark and adjacent areas from 2000 to 2020 via GlobeLand30 and Arcgis.The results show that the total values of ecosystem services of Yanqing Global Geopark has basically remained stable in the past 20 years,which are 3040 million CNY in 2000,3103 million CNY in 2010,and 3086 million CNY in 2020 respectively.The values of forest ecosystem,grassland ecosystem and cropland ecosystem are dominated,accounting for more than 96%in total values of Yanqing Global Geopark ecosystem services.In terms of the characteristics of Yanqing Global Geopark,some suggestions for ecological geological survey are put forward as follows:the first is to strengthen the investigation on the components,structure,quality of forests and soil to improve the forest ecosystem;the second is to monitor the underground water and soil erosion to prevent further shrinkage of the wetland;the third is to interconnect the Guishui River basin and Gongting Reservoir water system to maintain the ecological flow;the fourth is to coordinate a comprehensive survey of different natural elements such as the mountains,water,forests,cropland,lakes and grassland on the basis of a systemic view to improve the total value of ecosystem services of Yanqing Global Geopark.The fifth is to establish a cross-departmental and cross-regional coordinating mechanism for promoting ecological protection.