基于最小数据集的保山市植烟土壤质量评价与障碍诊断

Quality evaluation and obstacle diagnosis of soil planted with tobacco based on minimum data set in Baoshan city

【目的】通过分析保山市5个县(市、区)植烟土壤质量特征,明确制约土壤质量的主要障碍因子,为区域性植烟土壤障碍治理技术研发、养分管理和优质烤烟生产提供科学依据。【方法】采集保山市5县(市、区)24个乡(镇)72个村的植烟土壤样品,选取pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、土壤容重、田间持水量、蔗糖酶和脲酶等12项指标作为总数据集(TDS),通过构建评价指标最小数据集(MDS),计算土壤质量指数;采用障碍因子诊断模型,分析主要障碍因子。【结果】12项指标经K-S检验,均服从正态分布,进入总数据集(TDS)。经主成分分析筛选,有机质、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、土壤容重和蔗糖酶等6项指标进入最小数据集(MDS)。土壤质量指数(SQI)的MDS-SQI与TDS-SQI呈极显著正相关关系,最小数据集可代替总数据集对保山市植烟区土壤质量进行评价。施甸县、昌宁县、隆阳区、龙陵县和腾冲市的MDS-SQI土壤质量指数分别为0.681、0.668、0.665、0.626和0.579。障碍度分析表明,保山市各县(市、区)植烟土壤主要障碍因子为田间持水量(平均障碍度0.251)、碱解氮(平均障碍度0.196)、pH(平均障碍度0.142)和有机质(平均障碍度0.110)。【结论】建立的土壤质量评价最小数据集具有一定的代表性和准确性,可以对土壤质量和障碍因子进行评价和诊断。

【Objective】In order to provide the scientific basis for obstacles research and development,nutrient management and high⁃quality flue⁃cured tobacco production in regional tobacco planting soil,the characteristics of main obstacles to tobacco planting soil in 5 counties(cit⁃ies,districts)of Baoshan city were analyzed.【Method】The samples of tobacco planting soil were collected from 72 villages in 24 towns in 5 counties of Baoshan city.Total of 12 indexes,including pH,organic matter(OM),total N(TN),total P(TP),total K(TK),alkaline N(AN),available P(AP),available K(AK),soil bulk density(BD),field water holding capacity(FC),sucrase invertase(INV)and ure⁃ase(URE),were selected as the total data set(TDS)to construct the minimum data set(MDS),and the soil quality index was calculated,and the main obstacle factors were analyzed by using the diagnosis model of obstacle factors.【Result】By K⁃S test,the 12 indexes complied with the normal distribution and were included in TDS.Six indexes including OM,TP,AN,AP,BD and INV were included in the MDS by principal component analysis.The MDS⁃SQI of soil quality index was positively correlated with TDS⁃SQI,and the MDS could represent the TDS to evaluate the soil quality in Baoshan tobacco planting area.The MDS⁃SQI soil quality indexes in Shidian county,Changning county,Longyang district,Longling county and Tengchong city were 0.681,0.668,0.665,0.626 and 0.579,respectively.The obstacle degree a⁃nalysis showed that the main obstacle factors were FC(average obstacle 0.251),AN(average obstacle 0.196),pH(average obstacle 0.142)and OM(average obstacle 0.110).【Conclusion】The established MDS of soil quality assessment has certain representativeness and accuracy,which can be used to evaluate and diagnose soil quality and obstacles.