舍近求远:规模农场农机服务模式选择的研究——基于一个下乡资本农场的田野考察

Seeking Distance From Near and Far:Research on the Choice of Agricultural Machinery Service Mode for Large-scale Farms——Based on a Field Study on a Rural Capital Farm

农机社会化服务是我国实现农业机械化的高效途径,但是具体选择何种服务模式是值得关注的。为此,文章以农业收割环节为切入点,从农机社会化服务模式选择的角度探讨乡土社会是如何影响下乡资本的经营逻辑。研究发现,购买本地农机服务不失为是下乡资本嵌入乡土社会的理性选择,但下乡资本相对于乡村社会结构的外生性以及本地农机手内外有别的行为逻辑,致使出现组织、成本和监督等用机困境。而跨区农机手凭借对乡土社会关系的处理和利用,使下乡资本成功摆脱了用机困境。由此可见,农机社会化服务模式的选择绝非按照经济学所预设“有求必应”的理想路径运行,其背后受到乡土社会的形塑。因此,乡土性始终是下乡资本有效经营的底色所在。

Agricultural machinery socialization service is an efficient way to realize the mechanization of agriculture,but it is worth paying attention to which specific service mode to choose.Therefore,this paper takes the agricultural harvest link as the entry point and discusses how the rural society affects the operation logic of the capital sent to the countryside from the Angle of the socialization service mode selection of agricultural machinery.It is found that choosing local service of rural mobile operators is a rational choice for rural capital to be embedded in rural society.However,the exogenous nature of rural capital relative to rural social structure and the different behavioral orientation of local mobile operators both inside and outside lead to the difficulties of using machinery such as organization,cost and supervision.By handling and utilizing the rural social relations,the rural capital successfully got rid of the difficulties of using the machine.It can be seen that the choice of socialized service mode of agricultural machinery is not in accordance with the ideal path of“responding to needs”preset by economics,but is shaped by rural society behind it.Therefore,the provinciality is always the background color of the successful management of the capital.