潍坊市土壤大量营养元素有效量及其影响因素

Available Contents of Soil Macronutrients and Their Influencing Factors in Weifang

为研究山东省潍坊市土壤大量营养元素有效量分布规律及其影响因素,通过网格化采样,并进行分析测试,获得了碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等土壤大量营养元素有效量,及对应元素全量、pH和有机质等数据,进行了丰缺空间绘图、相关性和差异性分析。结果表明:碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均具有较强的空间变异性,尤以有效磷变异系数最高。空间分布上,碱解氮以较缺乏区占比最高,有效磷和速效钾以丰富区占比最高。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别在砂姜黑土、潮土、滨海盐土中含量最高,且均与其他土壤类型差异显著。碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾与土壤理化指标关系密切,3种元素有效量均与有机质呈显著正相关;碱解氮与全氮、有效磷与全磷均呈显著正相关;碱解氮、有效磷与土壤pH均呈显著负相关;速效钾与土壤pH呈显著正相关。本研究揭示了大量营养元素有效量在土壤中的本底差异及影响因素,可为土壤肥力的空间调控提供科学依据,助力提升农业生产力水平。

In order to study the distribution and influential factors of available contents of soil macronutrients in Weifang City,Shandong Province,the grid sampling and analysis test were carried out.The total and available contents of soil macronutrients such as N,P and K,as well as pH and organic matter were measured.The spatial maps of abundance and deficiency in these soil indexes were drawn,and their correlation and difference were analyzed.The results show that the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)have strong spatial variability,especially variation coefficient of AP is the highest.In terms of spatial distribution,the relatively lack area of AN has the highest proportion,and the rich areas of AP and AK have the highest proportions.AN content is significantly higher in Shajiang black soil,AP content is significantly higher in fluvo-aquic soil,while AK content is significantly higher in coastal saline soil.AN,AP and AK are closely related to soil physiochemical indexes,which are significantly positively correlated with organic matter.There is significant positive correlation between AN and total nitrogen,AP and total phosphorus.AN and AP are significantly negatively correlated with pH,while AK is significantly positively correlated with pH.These results reveal the background difference and influencing factors of available contents of soil macronutrients,which can guide the spatial regulation of soil fertility and help to improve the level of agricultural productivity.