高岭土的资源特征及研究进展

The resource characteristics and research progress of kaolin

高岭土是一种用途广泛、储量丰富、在全球均有分布且在战略性新兴产业中起关键作用的矿产资源。通过总结前人研究,高岭土在我国主要发育于北方煤系地层(硬质高岭土和软质高岭土)和南方花岗岩类岩石风化壳中(砂质高岭土)。高岭土的发育环境可分为原生环境、次生环境及与变质有关的环境,按其成矿机理可分为风化型、沉积型、热液型及风化—沉积型、热液—风化型等耦合型矿床。随着高岭土成矿条件的深入研究,认为经历了多期次构造活动的酸性岩更容易矿化为高岭土,起伏微缓的地形、温润多雨的气候、低pH、低静水压力水热条件为高岭土矿发育的有利环境。

Kaolin is a mineral resource with a wide range of uses,abundant reserves,global distribution,and it plays a key role in the strategic emerging industries.For the summary of the previous studies,kaolin is mainly distributed in the coal-system stratum area in the north(hard kaolin and soft kaolin)and granite rock weathering crust area in the south(sandy kaolin)in China.The development environment of kaolin can be divided into primary environment,secondary environment and environment related to metamorphism.According to its metallogenic mechanism,kaolin deposit can be divided into weathering type,sedimentary type,hydrothermal type,weathering-sedimentary type,hydrothermal-weathering type,etc.With the in-depth study of kaolin mineralization condition,it is considered that acid rocks that have undergone multi-stage tectonic activities are more likely to be mineralized into kaolin,and the undulating terrain,warm and rainy climate,low pH,low hydrostatic pressure and hydrothermal conditions are favorable environment for kaolin deposit development.