“双碳”目标下黔东南苗族传统吊脚木楼建筑空间气候调控特征研究

Study on the Spatial Climate Control Characteristics of Miao Traditional Stilted Wooden Buildings in Southeast Guizhou Province Under the"Double Carbon"Target

推进绿色建筑可有效降低碳排放和建筑能耗,以往的绿色建筑研究多偏重建筑设备和建筑实体方面,而对建筑空间的气候调控作用研究较少。黔东南苗族传统吊脚木楼建筑建造工艺,经长期与当地气候适应,针对炎热季节,已具备成熟的建筑空间气候调节经验。本文分析了黔东南苗族传统吊脚木楼建筑空间一般性特征,在此基础上识别出包括阁楼层、吊脚层、堂屋、望楼、深飘檐、吞口等典型气候调节空间,分析了气候调节作用机制。通过对当地两个典型传统吊脚木楼样本的夏季实测,实证其建筑空间的气候调节作用,归纳分析了黔东南苗族传统吊脚木建筑相关气候调节经验对现代绿色木结构建筑营建的启示意义,并尝试将其运用于当地现代建筑设计,为相似气候地区绿色建筑营建提供参考。

Promoting green buildings can effectively reduce carbon emissions and building energy consumption.Previous green building research mostly focused on building equipment and building entities,but less on the climate control role of building space.The construction process of the Miao traditional stilted wooden buildings in Southeast Guizhou Province has been adapted to the local climate for a long time,and has mature experience in the building spatial climate control for the hot season.In this paper,the general characteristics of the building space of the Miao traditional stilted wooden buildings in Southeast Guizhou Province were firstly analyzed,and on this basis,typical climate control spaces including attic floor,first floor overhead,hall,watchtower,deep floating eaves,and swallowing mouth were identified,and then their climate control mechanisms were analyzed.Secondly,the climate control effect of the building space was demonstrated through summer field measurements of two typical local traditional stilted wooden building samples.Finally,the significance of the climate control experience of the Miao traditional stilted wooden buildings in Southeast Guizhou Province was summarized and analyzed for modern green wooden architecture,and the experience was also tried to apply to the local modern architectural design to provide a reference for green building construction in similar climate zones.