我国小麦育种主要进展与展望

Progress and Prospect of Wheat Breeding in China

小麦是我国的重要口粮之一,小麦种业安全是主粮安全的关键。新中国成立后,我国小麦育种在产量、品质和抗性方面取得了一系列重大进展,目前小麦品种已实现完全自给。但近些年来,新品种培育水平遭遇瓶颈期,特别是产量长期未能取得新突破,产量、品质、抗性的协调提升困难。随着计算机、物联网、大数据、人工智能和生物技术等新技术的快速发展,种业竞争进入全球化时代。我国小麦育种在核心功能基因的深度挖掘利用、优异种质资源的开发保护和关键育种技术的发展创新等方面尽管取得重要进展,但尚存在诸多不足,迫切需要加强种业科技核心竞争力。未来由前沿科技引领的生物技术融合信息技术、人工智能和大数据等育种关键技术的交叉应用,将推动小麦智慧育种产生新变革。

Wheat is one of the most important grain crops in China,and the security of the wheat seed industry is the key to staple food security.Since its founding,the New China has made a series of significant progress in wheat breeding in terms of yield,quality,and disease resistance and stress tolerance;and thus has become fully self-sufficient in wheat varieties.However,in recent years,the breeding of new wheat varieties has hit a bottleneck.Especially,no new breakthroughs have been achieved in wheat yield for a long time;and the coordination of yield,quality,and disease resistance and stress tolerance has been difficult to improve.With the rapid development of new technologies such as computers,the Internet of Things,big data,artificial intelligence,and biotechnology,seed industry competition has entered the era of globalization.In wheat breeding field,on the one hand,our country has made important progress in the identification and utilization of core functional genes,the development and conservation of excellent germplasm resources,and the development and innovation of key breeding technologies;on the other hand,there are still many shortcomings,so it is urgent to strengthen the core competitiveness of science and technology in the wheat seed industry.In the future,innovation in smart wheat breeding will be driven by the interdisciplinary approaches that integrate a variety of cutting-edge breeding technologies such as biotechnology,information technology,artificial intelligence,and big data into a coherent whole.