施氮量对江苏沿海地区藜麦产量和生长特性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yield and Growth Characteristics of Quinoa in Jiangsu Coastal Area

探究不同施氮量对江苏沿海地区藜麦产量和生长特性的影响,以期为藜麦产业的发展提供理论依据。本试验采用随机区组设计,研究不同氮肥施用量(0、90、150、210 kg/hm^(2),分别记作N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)、N3)对江苏沿海地区藜麦产量和生长特性的影响。结果表明,藜麦在苗期、开花期和成熟期单株鲜质量和单株干质量均以N3处理最高,N_(0)处理最低;与不施氮相比,施氮显著增加株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和成熟期主穗粗,但对穗长无显著影响;产量以N3处理(3335.32 kg/hm^(2))最高,与N_(2)处理(3314.69 kg/hm^(2))间的差异不具有统计学意义,均显著高于N_(0);氮农学利用率以N_(2)处理最高,而氮素偏生产力以N_(1)处理最高,氮素贡献率以N3处理最高,但与N_(2)处理间的差异不具有统计学意义。综上,施用氮肥可提高江苏沿海地区藜麦地上部物质积累,优化藜麦株型,提高产量,其中氮肥施用量以150 kg/hm^(2)效果最好,其产量与氮肥利用效率均最优。

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield and growth characteristics of quinoa in Jiangsu coastal area,so as to lay a foundation for the development of quinoa industry.In this field study,a randomized block design was used to evaluate the effects of four nitrogen application rates[0(N_(0)),90(N_(1)),150(N_(2)),210 kg/hm^(2)(N3)]on the yield and growth characteristics of quinoa planted in Jiangsu coastal area.The results showed that the fresh weights and dry weights of single plant of quinoa in the seedling stage,flowering stage,and maturing stage consistently stood at the highest level in N3 treatment,and at the lowest in N_(0) treatment.Compared with no nitrogen application,nitrogen application significantly increased plant height,stem diameter,leaf length,leaf width,and main panicle diameter at maturity;but had no significant effect on panicle length.The yield of N3 treatment(3335.32 kg/hm^(2))was the highest,but not significantly different from that of N_(2)(3314.69 kg/hm^(2)),while they both were significantly higher than that of N_(0).Agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen was the highest in N_(2),while partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen peaked in N_(1).Nitrogen contribution rate peaked in N3,which,however,was not significantly different from that in N_(2).In conclusion,the application of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the aboveground substance accumulation of quinoa,optimize its plant type,and increase its yield in Jiangsu coastal area.Among the different N application treatments,the nitrogen fertilizer application rate at 150 kg/hm^(2) was the optimal,resulting in the highest yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency.