稻秸行间集覆宽窄行播种技术下小麦经济效益和碳效率分析

Analysis of the Economic Benefits and Carbon Efficiency of Wheat Production Using the Technology of Centralizing Rice Straw to Cover Wide Rows and Sowing in Narrow Rows

农业新技术不仅能够提高农业生产效率,在保障粮食安全方面也具有重要的作用。南通市如东县现代农业产业示范园是小麦稻秸行间集覆宽窄行播种技术推广的核心示范区,研究该技术是否能提高农民收入、小麦经济效益和碳效率具有重要的现实意义。本文通过实地调研园区内采用该技术种植小麦的大户,评价该项技术实施的经济效益与小麦种植的碳效率,得出如下结论:农户采用稻秸行间集覆宽窄行播种技术种植小麦的经济效益得到显著提高,平均产量、劳动生产率、销售利润率分别达到了483.86 kg/667 m^(2)、758.75元/(人·667 m^(2))、53.27%,分别是传统种植技术下农户的1.04、1.36、1.15倍。技术示范户生产小麦的碳生产效率为0.65 kg/kg,较非示范户有明显提高。因此,采用稻秸行间集覆宽窄行播种技术种植小麦有利于减少小麦种植成本,促进了经济效益和碳效率的协同提高。

New agricultural technologies can not only improve agricultural production efficiency but also play an important role in ensuring food security.Modern Agricultural Industry Demonstration Park of Rudong County is the core demonstration district for promoting the technology of centralizing rice straw to cover wide rows and sowing in narrow rows in the wheat field.It is of great practical significance to clarify whether this technology can improve farmers'income,economic benefits of wheat production,and carbon efficiency.In this paper,the economic benefits of implementing this technology and the carbon efficiency of wheat planting were evaluated through a field research on large farming households in the park that used this technology to grow wheat.The results are as follows.By adopting the technology of centralizing rice straw to cover wide rows and sowing in narrow rows in the wheat field,farmers significantly improved the economic benefit of wheat planting,whose average yield per mu(1 mu=667 m^(2)),labor productivity,and profit rate of sales reached 483.86 kg/mu,758.75 yuan/(person·mu),and 53.27%,respectively,being 1.04,1.36,and 1.15 times,respectively,those of the farmers using traditional planting technology.The technical demonstration households of wheat production attained the carbon production efficiency of 0.65 kg/kg,which was significantly higher than that of non-demonstration households.Therefore,adoption of the technology of centralizing rice straw to cover wide rows and sowing in narrow rows in wheat production is conducive to reducing wheat planting costs and achieving synergistic improvement of economic benefits and carbon efficiency.