矸石浆体充填空间特征研究与工程实践

Study on spatial characteristics of gangue slurry filling mining and engineering practice

煤矸石浆体充填是一项顺应煤炭绿色可持续发展、响应国家环保政策的矸石绿色处置新技术。宏观的破碎空间特征与微观的空隙特征是决定矸石浆体充填效果的关键,为建立浆体充填基础理论体系,采用理论分析、模拟实验与现场工业实验结合的方法,揭示了浆体充填空间覆岩运动规律,探索了破碎空间内可供浆体充填的空隙分布特征,明确矸石浆体-采空空隙的作用关系。研究表明,采动过程中控制岩层是影响浆体充填空间范围的关键,“拱-梁-壳”的空间演化过程分别对应浆体充填空间的自由堆积区、载荷影响区及压实区,直接决定矸石浆体充填效果;采空区内垮落岩体的孔隙率沿倾向、走向及垂向均满足负对数函数关系,据此建立了浆体充填空间空隙分布模型,并确定浆体充填的重点区域;通过开展地面原位注浆充填试验,证明了矸石浆体在采空空间的可充填特性,阐述了矸石浆体-采空空隙的作用过程普遍经历了初始流淌、垂直涌流及水平扩散3个阶段;在黄陵二号煤矿井下针对浆体充填空间自由堆积区与载荷影响区开展了矸石浆体充填工程实践,成功验证了井下矸石浆体充填技术的可行性及理论的正确性,为矸石绿色处置提供了新的依据。

Coal gangue slurry filling and disposal of solid waste is a new coal green mining technology that conforms to the green and sustainable development of coal mines and responds to national environmental protection policies.In order to establish the basic theoretical system of slurry filling,this paper uses the methods of theoretical analysis,simulation experiment and field industrial test to reveal the law of overburden movement in slurry filling space and master the distribution characteristics of voids available for slurry filling,Clarify the function relationship of“gangue slurry goaf gap”.The research shows that the“key layer of slurry filling”is the key to control the space range of slurry filling in the mining process,and the spatial evolution process of“arch beam shell”corresponds to the free accumulation area,load influence area and compaction area of slurry filling space,which directly determines the effect of gangue slurry;The porosity of the collapsed rock mass in the goaf varies along the strike and vertical direction,which satisfies the negative logarithmic function relationship.Based on this,the spatial void distribution model of slurry filling is established,and the key areas of slurry filling are pointed out;Through the ground in-situ grouting filling test,the filling characteristics of gangue slurry in goaf space are proved,and the action process of gangue slurry-gob gap has experienced three stages:initial flow,inrush flow and horizontal diffusion.The industrial practice of gangue slurry filling in the free accumulation area and load affected area of slurry filling space in Huangling No.2 well has successfully verified the feasibility of underground gangue slurry filling technology and the correctness of theory,which provides a new basis for gangue solid waste disposal and green mining.