萝卜硫素高效制备技术研究进展

High-efficiency preparation technology of sulforaphane:An overview

萝卜硫素是十字花科植物的异硫氰酸酯类代谢产物,具有抗氧化、抗癌以及抗新型冠状病毒肺炎的功能。但因其结构不稳定,易分解,致使其难以利用。随着萝卜硫素制备技术的进步,抑制萝卜硫素失活、提升其利用率的目标有望实现。现有的制备技术主要为黑芥子酶酶解技术、微生物转化技术和化学合成技术。黑芥子酶酶解技术主要利用内源黑芥子酶、外源黑芥子酶以及异源表达的黑芥子酶,该技术存在制备效率高的优点,但存在黑芥子酶活性无法稳定的缺点。微生物转化技术主要利用微生物转化硫代葡萄糖苷生成萝卜硫素的功能,具有反应条件易于控制以及成本低等优点。化学合成技术主要包括从头合成和半合成,其中半合成是当前应用比较广泛的方法,具备反应条件易于控制等优点,但化学合成技术存在危险性较高以及得率较低的问题。该文综述了萝卜硫素的制备技术,旨在为萝卜硫素的高效利用及其产品开发提供参考。

Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate metabolite of cruciferous plants,which obtain antioxidant,anticancer and anti-COVID-19 functions.However,due to its unstable structure,it is easy to de-composite,thus the utilization of sulforaphane is difficult.With the advancement of the preparation of sulforaphane,the purpose of inhibiting sulforaphane inactivation and improving its utilization is expected to be realized.The existing preparation technologies are mainly myrosinase enzymatic hydrolysis,microbial transformation and chemical synthesis.Myrosinase enzymatic hydrolysis mainly utilizes endogenous myrosinase,exogenous myrosinase and heterologously expressed myrosinase.Myrosinase enzymatic hydrolysis technology not only obtain the advantage of high preparation efficiency,but also obtain the disadvantage that the activity of myrosinase cannot be stabilized.Microbial transformation mainly utilizes the function of microorganisms to convert glucosinolates to sulforaphane,and obtain the advantages of easy control of reaction conditions and low cost.Chemical synthesis mainly includes de novo synthesis and semi-synthesis,and semi-synthesis is the most widely used method at present.Chemical synthesis obtains the advantages of easy control of reaction conditions,but chemical synthesis techniques have the problems of high risk and low yield.This research reviews the preparation technology of sulforaphane,aiming to provide a reference for the efficient utilization of sulforaphane and its product development.