食品中伏马毒素的前处理及检测技术研究进展

Research progress on pretreatment and detection techniques of fumonisins in food

伏马毒素(fumonisins,FBs)是由串珠镰刀菌和轮状镰刀菌等镰刀菌产生的一种水溶性次级代谢产物,结构性质稳定,具有神经毒性、肝肾毒性、致癌性等毒副作用。我国作为粮食生产和消费大国,玉米、水稻等粮食作物及其制品中FBs检出率居高不下,最大值甚至远超欧盟FBs最高限量标准,严重影响了我国农业经济发展和食品质量安全。该文主要综述近年来应用较广的FBs前处理及检测技术,包括免疫亲和柱、固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、分子印迹技术和QuEChERS等前处理技术以及高效液相色谱法和液相色谱-串联质谱法、酶联免疫法、免疫层析技术、生物传感器法等检测技术,着重归纳不同技术的原理、优势及局限性,并对FBs的前处理和检测技术研究方向进行了展望,提出新型前处理材料和高通量快速检测技术,旨在为FBs的检测工作提供参考。

Fumonisins(FBs)are a class of water-soluble secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium species such as Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides,with stable structure and properties,which have neurotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,nephrotoxicity,carcinogenicity,and other toxic side effects.As a major food production and consumption country,FBs widely exists in corn,rice,and other food crops and their products in China,the pollution rate and level of FBs are high,and the maximum value even far beyond the European maximum limit of FBs,seriously affecting the development of Chinese agricultural economy and food quality and safety.This paper summarized the pretreatment and detection techniques of FBs that had been widely used in recent years.The pretreatment techniques included immunoaffinity column,solid phase extraction,magnetic solid phase extraction,molecular imprinting technology,and QuEChERS,and the detection techniques included high-performance liquid chromatography,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunochromatography assay,and biosensor method.The study focused on summarizing the principles,advantages,and limitations of different techniques,and provided an outlook on the research directions of pretreatment and detection techniques of FBs,proposing novel pretreatment materials and high-throughput rapid detection techniques,which provided support for the detection of FBs.