从居住空间到景观空间:传统民居旅游景观化重构及意义——以豫西陕州地坑院为例

From residential space to landscape space:landscape reconstruction and significance of traditional residential tourism-A case study of Shanzhou pit courtyard in western Henan

地坑院作为中国具有鲜明地域性的传统民居,承载着黄河沿岸地带生动的历史文化信息.文章采用田野调查、深度访谈等方法,援引空间生产、文化地理学相关理论,对地坑院旅游景观化重构这一典型现象进行了研究,结果表明:传统地坑院蕴含着生存至上的哲学思想,村民生产实践依附于自给自足的农耕经济并形成生活习惯,社会关系体现在以地坑院为关键节点的交往逻辑中,文化传承体现在日常生活的活态延续上.以当地政府为主导的生产者联盟直接推动了地坑院旅游景观化空间更迭,促使其由生存文化表征的居住空间转化为审美文化表征的景观空间,并造成地坑院空间属性、人地关系、文化传承等层面的重构.这种空间重构的实践活动,驱动着乡村空间功能再造和地方性变迁,进而让乡村空间生产出新的意义.

Pit courtyard as a traditional house with distinctive regional characteristics in China,carries the vivid historical and cultural information along the Yellow River.The paper uses field surveys,in-depth interviews and other methods,cites related theories of spatial production and cultural geography,and studies the typical phenomenon of the reconstruction of traditional residential tourism landscape.Research indicates that the pit courtyard contains the philosophical thought of survival.Villagers'production practices depend on the self-sufficient farming economy and form habits of life.Social relations are embodied in the communication logic with pit courtyard as the key node,and cultural inheritance is embodied in the continuation of daily life.The producer alliance led by the local government has directly promoted the change of the landscape space of the pit courtyard tourism,which made it transform from the living space represented by the survival culture to the landscape space represented by the aesthetic culture,and caused the reconstruction of the spatial properties of the pit courtyard,man-land relationship,cultural inheritance and other aspects.This practice of spatial reconstruction drives the functional reconstruction of rural space and local changes,which in turn allows rural spaces to produce new meanings.