19世纪英属开普殖民地豺患的形成与治理探析

An Analysis of the Formation and Governance of Jackal Plague in the British Cape Colony in the 19th Century

随着19世纪英属开普殖民地养羊业的迅速发展,当地的人、兽、羊三者之间的平衡关系逐渐被打破,大面积拓展的养羊场最终促使豺患问题的产生。豺患治理随着人们对豺患问题了解的深入而有所调整,历经从官方主持的害虫消灭运动到民间自发组织的灭豺行动再到政府主导、民间主动参与三个阶段。虽然历史上一系列灭豺措施为南非联盟时期豺患问题的解决奠定了基础,但也存在诸多弊端,以至于迟至20世纪中期豺患才得到遏制。了解英属开普殖民地时期豺患的形成与治理,不仅能加深对英帝国统治范围内全球化现象的理解,而且能启发人们对人地互动关系问题的思考。

With the rapid development of sheep farming in the British Cape Colony in the 19th century,the balance among the local people,beasts and sheep was gradually broken,and the large-scale expansion of sheep farming and sheep farms finally led to the jackal plague.The governance of jackal plague underwent some adjustments as people's understanding of the issue deepened.It went through three stages,from the governmental pest control operation to the non-governmental jackal extermination campaign and then to the movement led by government and actively supported by civilians.Although a series of measures of eliminating jackals in history laid the foundation for the disappearance of jackal plague during the South African Union period,there were also so many drawbacks that it was not until the mid-20th century that jackal plague was finally contained.Understanding the formation and governance of jackal plague in the British Cape Colony can not only deepen our understanding of globalization within the scope of the British Empire,but also inspire people to think about the interaction between humans and nature.