情感史视角下湖南农运兴衰再研究

Restudy on the Rise and Fall of the Peasant Movement in Hunan from the Perspective of Emotional History

群体情感是特定团体在认知社会过程中获得的心灵体验,它对于群体的行为选择具有直接影响。1925年前后,湖南农民因灾祸连连而在生存线上苦苦挣扎。中国共产党曾努力将灾民引向革命道路,但囿于军阀的残酷镇压,农运未能实现较大突破。北伐军入湘及革命政府的建立,为发展农运奠定了政治基础,加上中共卓有成效的情感动员,农运勃然兴起。其后,农民在激烈的乡村斗争中出现了群体性冲动,这使得农运不仅愈发变得难以控制,还侵犯了国民革命军的利益。地主士绅趁机在大城市、军队中大肆制造谣言,致使农运逐渐失去了军政双方的同情与佑护。马日事变后,面对反动势力的血腥屠杀,严重缺乏军事实力的中共无法领导农民形成有效反击,导致恐惧情绪在农民中快速发酵、弥漫,并最终引发了湖南农运的轰然解体。在共同经历农运失败的教训后,中共越挫越勇,仍然把发动农民作为夺取政权的关键一环,国民党则转向镇压农民运动,并对革命的最终走向产生了深远影响。

Group emotion is the spiritual experience acquired by a specific group in the cognitive social process,which has a direct impact on the group's behavior choice.Around 1925,the peasants in Hunan were struggling to survive due to repeated disasters.The CPC once tried to lead the victims to the revolutionary road,but limited by the brutal suppression of warlords,the peasant movement failed to achieve a great breakthrough.The Northern Expedition Army's entry into Hunan and the establishment of the revolutionary government laid a political foundation for the development of the peasant movement.Coupled with the effective emotional mobilization of the CPC,the peasant movement flourished.Subsequently,the peasants had a collective impulse in the fierce rural struggle,which not only made the peasant movement more and more difficult to control,but also violated the interests of the National Revolutionary Army.Landlords and gentry took the opportunity to spread rumors in big cities and the army,resulting in the gradual loss of sympathy and protection from both the military and the government.After the"Horse-day Incident",faced with the bloody massacre of reactionary forces,the CPC,which was seriously lacking in military strength,could not lead the peasants to form an effective counterattack,which led to the rapid fermentation and diffusion of fear among the peasants,and finally led to the collapse of the peasant movement in Hunan.After experiencing the lessons of the failure of the peasant movement together,the CPC became more and more courageous,still taking the peasants as a key link to seize power,while the Kuomintang turned to suppress the peasant movement,and had a profound influence on the final trend of the revolution.