美国公众对华态度的演变历程、原因以及中国的应对策略

On the Evolution and Causes of American Public's Attitude towards China and China's Countermeasures

中美关系是影响世界格局的最大变量,其发展态势与未来走向深刻影响着国际关系与世界局势的稳定。中美两国人民的友好情谊是中美关系发展的源头活水和重要基础,而当前美国公众对中国的态度却不甚乐观。自2008年以来,美国公众对华态度经历了曲折变化,中国崛起逐渐成为他们的普遍认知,也使他们的“中国威胁”意识不断增强。这些转变是多种因素交织作用的结果,既有中美关系变动、中国实力发展、美国精英舆论引导等原因的影响,又包括金融危机、新冠疫情等重大突发事件的冲击。基于美国公众对华态度趋于消极的现状,中国应准确定位美国对华态度不同群体,加强公共外交力度,推动政治精英理性对话,尤其是要牢牢把握和平发展这一根本主题,以更为积极自信的姿态与更有效的方式化解美国公众对华认知上的负面情绪和认知偏差。

Sino-US relations are the biggest variable affecting the world pattern,and its development trend and future trend have a profound impact on the stability of international relations and the world situation.The friendship between the people of China and the United States is the source and important foundation for the development of Sino-US relations,while the current American public's attitude towards China is not very optimistic.Since 2008,the American public's attitude towards China has undergone a tortuous change.China's rise has gradually become a common perception among the American public,which also makes them increasingly aware of the‘China Threat’.These changes are the result of the interaction of many factors,including the change of Sino-US relations,the development of China's power,and the guidance of American elite opinion,also includes the financial crisis,novel coronavirus epidemic and other major emergencies.Based on the current situation that the American public's attitude towards China tends to be negative,China should accurately position different groups with different attitudes towards China,strengthen public diplomacy,promote rational dialogue among political elites,and firmly grasp the fundamental theme of peaceful development.China should take a more positive and confident attitude and a more effective way to address the negative emotions and cognitive biases of the American public towards China.