2022冬奥会雪上项目选址遥感分析

Analysis of Snow Events Site Selection for 2022 Winter Olympic Games Using Remote Sensing

河北省张家口市崇礼区主办了2022年第24届冬奥会的大多数雪上项目.利用ASTER GDEM数据和2001—2015年的MODIS积雪覆盖、积雪深度数据以及气象数据,经过格式转换、重采样、投影变换和插值,对张家口市崇礼区的高度、坡度、积雪面积、积雪深度和气温进行分析.结果表明,崇礼区的最大高程差为1 338 m,坡度为0°~63°(99.45%为0°~35°).崇礼区北部和东部的积雪覆盖度较大,最大达到79.2%,西南部积雪覆盖度较小,最小为5.3%.2001—2015年崇礼区积雪深度总体上为增加趋势,东北部积雪深度较大,最大为3.8 cm,西南部积雪深度较小,最小为1.3 cm.崇礼区的东南部坡度较高,西北部的坡度较低,高程东部高、西部低,所以雪上项目的比赛场地主要分布在崇礼区的东部.2001—2015年崇礼区冬季平均气温呈逐渐降低趋势.冬奥会举办时间选在2月,主要是因为2月的平均气温为-6.20℃,比12月和1月略高,对参赛选手的反应速度和观众的舒适度更加有利,而且2月的积雪深度为2.80 cm,比12月和1月厚,更适合进行滑雪比赛.

The Chongli district of Zhangjiakou city in Hebei province hosted most of the snow events for the 24th Winter Olympic Games in 2022.ASTER GDEM data,MODIS snow cover and snow depth and meteorological data from 2001 to 2015 are used,after format conversion,resampling,reprojection and interpolation,to analyze elevation,slope,snow area,snow depth and air temperature in Chongli district of Zhangjiakou city.The results show that the maximum elevation difference in Chongli district is 1338 m,and slope is 0°~63°,mostly 0°~35°,accounting for 99.45%of the total slope.Snow coverage is greater in the north and east of Chongli district,the maximum is 79.2%,while snow coverage is smaller in the southwest,the minimum is 5.3%.Snow depth shows increase trend from 2001 to 2015.Snow depth is greater in the northeast,with a maximum of 3.8 cm,while it is smaller in the southwest with a minimum of 1.3 cm.The slope in Chongli district is higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest,the elevation is higher in the east and lower in the west,therefore,the competition venues for snow events are mainly distributed in the east of Chongli district.The average air temperature in winter decreases gradually from 2001 to 2015.The Winter Olympic Games is held in February,mainly because the average air temperature in February is-6.20℃,higher than that in December and January,which is more beneficial to the reaction speed of athletes and the comfort of spectators.Moreover,the snow depth in February is 2.80 cm,thicker than that in December and January,which is more suitable for skiing competition.